Journal of Educational Evaluation for Health Professions

Review

The legality and appropriateness of keeping Korean Medical Licensing Examination items confidential: a comparative analysis and review of court rulings: Jae Sun Kim, Dae Un Hong, Ju Yoen Lee; J Educ Eval Health Prof. 2024;21:28. Published online October 15, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3352/jeehp.2024.21.28

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This study examines the legality and appropriateness of keeping the multiple-choice question items of the Korean Medical Licensing Examination (KMLE) confidential. Through an analysis of cases from the United States, Canada, and Australia, where medical licensing exams are conducted using item banks and computer-based testing, we found that exam items are kept confidential to ensure fairness and prevent cheating. In Korea, the Korea Health Personnel Licensing Examination Institute (KHPLEI) has been disclosing KMLE questions despite concerns over exam integrity. Korean courts have consistently ruled that multiple-choice question items prepared by public institutions are non-public information under Article 9(1)(v) of the Korea Official Information Disclosure Act (KOIDA), which exempts disclosure if it significantly hinders the fairness of exams or research and development. The Constitutional Court of Korea has upheld this provision. Given the time and cost involved in developing high-quality items and the need to accurately assess examinees’ abilities, there are compelling reasons to keep KMLE items confidential. As a public institution responsible for selecting qualified medical practitioners, KHPLEI should establish its disclosure policy based on a balanced assessment of public interest, without influence from specific groups. We conclude that KMLE questions qualify as non-public information under KOIDA, and KHPLEI may choose to maintain their confidentiality to ensure exam fairness and efficiency.

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Halted medical education and medical residents’ training in Korea, journal metrics, and appreciation to reviewers and volunteers
Sun Huh
Journal of Educational Evaluation for Health Professions.2025; 22: 1. CrossRef

Brief reports

Self-directed learning quotient and common learning types of pre-medical students in Korea by the Multi-Dimensional Learning Strategy Test 2nd edition: a descriptive study: Sun Kim, A Ra Cho, Chul Woon Chung; J Educ Eval Health Prof. 2022;19:32. Published online November 28, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3352/jeehp.2022.19.32

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Abstract PDF Supplementary Material: This study aimed to find the self-directed learning quotient and common learning types of pre-medical students through the confirmation of 4 characteristics of learning strategies, including personality, motivation, emotion, and behavior. The response data were collected from 277 out of 294 target first-year pre-medical students from 2019 to 2021, using the Multi-Dimensional Learning Strategy Test 2nd edition. The most common learning type was a self-directed type (44.0%), stagnant type (33.9%), latent type (14.4%), and conscientiousness type (7.6%). The self-directed learning index was high (29.2%), moderate (24.6%), somewhat high (21.7%), somewhat low (14.4%), and low (10.1%). This study confirmed that many students lacked self-directed learning capabilities for learning strategies. In addition, it was found that the difficulties experienced by each student were different, and the variables resulting in difficulties were also diverse. It may provide insights into how to develop programs that can help students increase their self-directed learning capability.

Newly appointed medical faculty members’ self-evaluation of their educational roles at the Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine in 2020 and 2021: a cross-sectional survey-based study: Sun Kim, A Ra Cho, Chul Woon Chung; J Educ Eval Health Prof. 2021;18:28. Published online November 5, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3352/jeehp.2021.18.28

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Abstract PDF Supplementary Material

This study aimed to investigate the degree to which newly appointed medical faculty members at the Catholic University of Korea are aware of Harden and Crosby’s 12 educational roles and to identify their preferred educational roles. A 12-item survey questionnaire was distributed to 110 participants, and 100 responses were included in the analysis. The respondents gave the highest score to “clinical or practical teacher” and the lowest score to “curriculum planner” for their current personal competencies. For their preferred personal future competencies, they assigned the highest score to “on the job role model” and the lowest score to “student assessor.” They gave almost equally high values to all 12 roles. However, individual faculty members had different preferences for educational roles. Accordingly, medical schools need to plan and implement customized faculty development programs, and efforts to provide appropriate educational roles according to individual faculty members’ preferences are needed.

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Self-directed learning quotient and common learning types of pre-medical students in Korea by the Multi-Dimensional Learning Strategy Test 2nd edition: a descriptive study
Sun Kim, A Ra Cho, Chul Woon Chung
Journal of Educational Evaluation for Health Professions.2022; 19: 32. CrossRef

Research articles

Development and validation of a portfolio assessment system for medical schools in Korea: Dong Mi Yoo, A Ra Cho, Sun Kim; J Educ Eval Health Prof. 2020;17:39. Published online December 9, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3352/jeehp.2020.17.39

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Abstract PDF Supplementary Material

Purpose
Consistent evaluation procedures based on objective and rational standards are essential for the sustainability of portfolio-based education, which has been widely introduced in medical education. We aimed to develop and implement a portfolio assessment system, and to assess its validity and reliability.
Methods
We developed a portfolio assessment system from March 2019 to August 2019 and confirmed its content validity through expert assessment by an expert group comprising 2 medical education specialists, 2 professors involved in education at medical school, and a professor of basic medical science. Six trained assessors conducted 2 rounds of evaluation of 7 randomly selected portfolios for the “Self-Development and Portfolio II” course from January 2020 to July 2020. These data are used inter-rater reliability was evaluated using intra-class correlation coefficients (ICCs) in September 2020.
Results
The portfolio assessment system is based on the following process; assessor selection, training, analytical/comprehensive evaluation, and consensus. Appropriately trained assessors evaluated portfolios based on specific assessment criteria and a rubric for assigning points. In the analysis of inter-rater reliability, the first round of evaluation grades was submitted, and all assessment areas except “goal-setting” showed a high ICC of 0.81 or higher. After the first round of assessment, we attempted to standardize objective assessment procedures. As a result, all components of the assessments showed close correlations, with ICCs of 0.81 or higher.
Conclusion
We confirmed that when assessors with an appropriate training conduct portfolio assessment based on specified standards through a systematic procedure, the results are reliable.

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Journal of Dental Education.2024; 88(11): 1539. CrossRef
Inter-rater reliability and content validity of the measurement tool for portfolio assessments used in the Introduction to Clinical Medicine course at Ewha Womans University College of Medicine: a methodological study
Dong-Mi Yoo, Jae Jin Han
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Medical Student Portfolios: A Systematic Scoping Review
Rei Tan, Jacquelin Jia Qi Ting, Daniel Zhihao Hong, Annabelle Jia Sing Lim, Yun Ting Ong, Anushka Pisupati, Eleanor Jia Xin Chong, Min Chiam, Alexia Sze Inn Lee, Laura Hui Shuen Tan, Annelissa Mien Chew Chin, Limin Wijaya, Warren Fong, Lalit Kumar Radha K
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Development of Teaching and Learning Manual for Competency-Based Practice for Meridian & Acupuncture Points Class
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Evaluation of a portfolio-based course on self-development for pre-medical students in Korea: Dong Mi Yoo, A Ra Cho, Sun Kim; J Educ Eval Health Prof. 2019;16:38. Published online December 11, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3352/jeehp.2019.16.38

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Abstract PDF Supplementary Material

Purpose
We have developed and operated a portfolio-based course aimed at strengthening pre-medical students’ capabilities for self-management and self-improvement. In order to determine the effectiveness of the course and to establish future operational strategies, we evaluated the course and the students’ learning experience.
Methods
The subjects of this study were 97 students of a pre-medical course “Self-development and portfolio I” in 2019. Their learning experience was evaluated through the professor’s assessment of portfolios they had submitted, and the program was evaluated based on the responses of 68 students who completed a survey. The survey questionnaire included 32 items. Descriptive statistics were reported for quantitative data, including the mean and standard deviation. Opinions collected from the open-ended question were grouped into categories.
Results
The evaluation of students’ portfolios showed that only 6.2% of the students’ portfolios were well-organized, with specific goals, strategies, processes, and self-reflections, while most lacked the basic components of a portfolio (46.4%) or contained insufficient content (47.4%). Students’ responses to the survey showed that regular portfolio personality assessments (72.1%), team (64.7%), and individual (60.3%) activities were felt to be more appropriate as educational methods for this course, rather than lectures. Turning to the portfolio creation experience, the forms and components of the portfolios (68.2%) and the materials provided (62.2%) were felt to be appropriate. However, students felt that individual autonomy needed to be reflected more (66.7%) and that this course interfered with other studies (42.5%).
Conclusion
The findings of this study suggest that standardized samples, guidelines, and sufficient time for autonomous portfolio creation should be provided. In addition, education on portfolio utilization should be conducted in small groups in the future.

Citations

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Early perceptions of portfolios in an outcome-based curriculum
Ahmad AA Omer, J. Vadivelu, Hong WH
BMC Medical Education.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Assessing the Impact of the Portfolio Workshop and the Use of the Rubric Matrix for Reflective Writing on Medical Faculty and Students
Puja Singh, Sudhir Saxena, Smriti T Pandey, Puja Dulloo
Cureus.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Medical Student Portfolios: A Systematic Scoping Review
Rei Tan, Jacquelin Jia Qi Ting, Daniel Zhihao Hong, Annabelle Jia Sing Lim, Yun Ting Ong, Anushka Pisupati, Eleanor Jia Xin Chong, Min Chiam, Alexia Sze Inn Lee, Laura Hui Shuen Tan, Annelissa Mien Chew Chin, Limin Wijaya, Warren Fong, Lalit Kumar Radha K
Journal of Medical Education and Curricular Development.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Development and validation of a portfolio assessment system for medical schools in Korea
Dong Mi Yoo, A Ra Cho, Sun Kim
Journal of Educational Evaluation for Health Professions.2020; 17: 39. CrossRef

Satisfaction with and suitability of the problem-based learning program at the Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine: Dong Mi Yoo, A Ra Cho, Sun Kim; J Educ Eval Health Prof. 2019;16:20. Published online July 19, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3352/jeehp.2019.16.20

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Abstract PDF Supplementary Material

Purpose
This study was conducted to identify suggestions for improving the effectiveness and promoting the success of the current problem-based learning (PBL) program at the Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine through a professor and student awareness survey.
Methods
A survey was carried out by sending out mobile Naver Form survey pages via text messages 3 times in December 2018, to 44 medical students and 74 professors. In addition, relevant official documents from the school administration were reviewed. The collected data were analyzed to identify the achievement of educational goals, overall satisfaction with, and operational suitability of the PBL program.
Results
The overall satisfaction scores for the PBL program were neutral (students, 3.27±0.95 vs. professors, 3.58±1.07; P=0.118). Regarding the achievement of educational goals, the integration of basic and clinical medicine and encouragement of learning motivation were ranked lowest. Many respondents expressed negative opinions about the modules (students, 25.0%; professors, 39.2%) and tutors (students, 54.5%; professors, 24.3%). The students and professors agreed that the offering timing of the program in medical school and the length of each phase were suitable, while opinions expressed in greater detail pointed to issues such as the classes being held too close to exams and their alignment with regular course units.
Conclusion
Issues with modules and tutors were the most pressing. Detailed and appropriate modules should be developed on the basis of advice from professors with experience in PBL tutoring. Inconsistencies in tutoring should be reduced by standardization and retraining.

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A PBL strategy for incorporating 3D cell culture into the classrooms of undergraduate biotechnology engineering students
Martin Garcia-Gonzalez, Karen Ivana Caro-Felix, Diana Priscila Bonilla-Ruelas, Alan Maximiliano Cortes-Limon, Ana Cecilia Luque-Badillo, Mauricio Andrés Salinas-Santander, Danielle Annette Orozco-Nunnelly, Juan Pablo Aguilar-Aleman, Claudia Lisette Charle
Research in Science & Technological Education.2025; 43(4): 1167. CrossRef
Effectiveness of problem-based learning methodology in undergraduate medical education: a scoping review
Joan Carles Trullàs, Carles Blay, Elisabet Sarri, Ramon Pujol
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Student and Tutor Satisfaction with Problem-Based Learning in Azerbaijan
Ulkar Sattarova, Wim Groot, Jelena Arsenijevic
Education Sciences.2021; 11(6): 288. CrossRef
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Ching-Yi Lee, Chang-Chyi Jenq, Madawa Chandratilake, Julie Chen, Mi-Mi Chen, Hiroshi Nishigori, Gohar Wajid, Pai-Hsuang Yang, Muhamad Saiful Bahri Yusoff, Lynn Monrouxe
Advances in Health Sciences Education.2021; 26(5): 1555. CrossRef
Newly appointed medical faculty members’ self-evaluation of their educational roles at the Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine in 2020 and 2021: a cross-sectional survey-based study
Sun Kim, A Ra Cho, Chul Woon Chung
Journal of Educational Evaluation for Health Professions.2021; 18: 28. CrossRef

Case report

Dental students’ learning attitudes and perceptions of YouTube as a lecture video hosting platform in a flipped classroom in Korea: Chang Wan Seo, A Ra Cho, Jung Chul Park, Hag Yeon Cho, Sun Kim; J Educ Eval Health Prof. 2018;15:24. Published online October 11, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3352/jeehp.2018.15.24

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Abstract PDF Supplementary Material

Purpose
The aim of this study was to confirm the applicability of YouTube as a delivery platform of lecture videos for dental students and to assess their learning attitudes towards the flipped classroom model.
Methods
Learning experiences after using the YouTube platform to deliver preliminary video lectures in a flipped classroom were assessed by 69 second-year students (52 males, 17 females) at Dankook University College of Dentistry, Korea, who attended periodontology lectures during 2 consecutive semesters of the 2016 academic year. The instructor uploaded the lecture videos to YouTube before each class. At the end of the second semester, the students were surveyed using a questionnaire devised by the authors.
Results
Of the students, 53 (76.8%) always watched the lecture before the class, 48 (69.6%) used their smartphones, and 66 (95.7%) stated that they watched the lectures at home. The majority of the students replied that the video lectures were easier to understand than face to face lectures (82.6%) and that they would like to view the videos again after graduation (73.9%).
Conclusion
Our results indicate that YouTube is an applicable platform to deliver video lectures and to expose students to increased learning opportunities.

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Zuzanna Apel, Nathalia Carolina Fernandes Fagundes, Nazlee Sharmin, Usama Nassar, Gordon Gow, Dominic Apel, Arnaldo Perez
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Perceptions of Social Media use Among Dental Hygiene and Dental Hygiene Therapy Students and their Relative Applicability in Dental Education
Evgenia Georgieva, Mahdi Mutahar, Khurshid Mattoo, Dinesh Rokaya, Sara Alhnaity, Rasha Alharthi, Khalid K Alshamrani, Ahmed Abdullah Al Malwi, Mohammed M. Al Moaleem
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Quality of YouTube™ Videos on Anterior Incisor-proximal Composite Restoration: A Content Quality Analysis
Yee Ang, Hetal AK Mavani, Fara A Adam, Jun A Chong, Laila A Hassan
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Dental students’ perceptions, attitudes, and professional approaches toward the use of social media in learning endodontics: a cross-sectional survey
Merve Gökyar, Gözde Yıldırım, Hesna Sazak Öveçoğlu
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Periodontology in the classroom: A scoping review of educational strategies and outcomes in dental education
Fara Azwin Adam
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Gülsen Kiraz, Arzu Kaya Mumcu, Safa Kurnaz
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Use of social media by dental students: A comparative study
Rand Al-Obaidi
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Structure, governance and delivery of specialist training programs in periodontology and implant dentistry
Moshe Goldstein, Nikolaos Donos, Wim Teughels, Nikolaos Gkranias, Andy Temmerman, Jan Derks, Bahar Eren Kuru, Maria Clotilde Carra, Ana Belen Castro, Xanthippi Dereka, Christel Dekeyser, David Herrera, Katleen Vandamme, Elena Calciolari
Journal of Clinical Periodontology.2024; 51(S27): 55. CrossRef
Evaluating video‐based lectures on YouTube for dental education
Ryan T. Gross, Nare Ghaltakhchyan, Eleanor M. Nanney, Tate H. Jackson, Christopher A. Wiesen, Paul Mihas, Adam M. Persky, Sylvia A. Frazier‐Bowers, Laura A. Jacox
Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research.2023; 26(S1): 210. CrossRef
Learning of paediatric dentistry with the flipped classroom model
Nuria E. Gallardo, Antonia M. Caleya, Maria Esperanza Sánchez, Gonzalo Feijóo
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Effects of Video Length on a Flipped English Classroom
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Ayşe TORAMAN, Ebru SAĞLAM, Serhat KÖSEOĞLU
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Riddhi Awasthi, Balaji Manohar, S Vinay, Santosh Kumar
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Abdulhadi Shoufan, Fatma Mohamed
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Mona T. Rajeh, Shahinaz N. Sembawa, Afnan A. Nassar, Seba A. Al Hebshi, Khalid T. Aboalshamat, Mohammed K. Badri
Journal of Dental Education.2021; 85(4): 513. CrossRef
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Eswara Uma, Pentti Nieminen, Shani Ann Mani, Jacob John, Emilia Haapanen, Marja-Liisa Laitala, Olli-Pekka Lappalainen, Eby Varghase, Ankita Arora, Kanwardeep Kaur
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Flipped Classroom Experiences in Clinical Dentistry – A Strategic Mini-Review
Abdullah Aljabr
The Open Dentistry Journal.2021; 15(1): 717. CrossRef
Newly appointed medical faculty members’ self-evaluation of their educational roles at the Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine in 2020 and 2021: a cross-sectional survey-based study
Sun Kim, A Ra Cho, Chul Woon Chung
Journal of Educational Evaluation for Health Professions.2021; 18: 28. CrossRef
Attitudes toward Social Media among Practicing Dentists and Dental Students in Clinical Years in Saudi Arabia
Khalid Aboalshamat, Sharifah Alkiyadi, Sarah Alsaleh, Rana Reda, Sharifa Alkhaldi, Arwa Badeeb, Najwa Gabb
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Opinion

How to evaluate learning in a flipped classroom: Sun Kim; J Educ Eval Health Prof. 2018;15:21. Published online September 13, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3352/jeehp.2018.15.21

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A guide to outcome evaluation of simulation‐based education programmes in low and middle‐income countries
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Research article

Evaluation of a systematic career coaching program for medical students in Korea using the Career Readiness Inventory: Yera Hur, A Ra Cho, Eun Ji Song, Sun Kim; J Educ Eval Health Prof. 2018;15:10.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3352/jeehp.2018.15.10

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Abstract PDF Supplementary Material

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to implement a systematic career coaching program for medical students and to evaluate its effectiveness.
Methods
First-year medical students of Konyang University College of Medicine took part in the FLEX Mentoring II: Career Coaching Program from September to December in 2016 and 2017. This program included 16 weekly sessions, comprising a total of 32 hours. The students took the Career Readiness Inventory before and after the program, as a pre- and post-test of the program. Data from 100 students were used (46 students in 2016, 54 students in 2017) for the evaluation.
Results
Medical students’ career readiness pre-test was rated as medium. In particular, many students were at a low level in terms of ‘support from colleagues and peers’ (53.0%), ‘career decision’ (48.0%), and ‘efforts for job preparation’ (60.0%). After 16 sessions of a systematic career coaching program, their career readiness level showed a significant increase except for ‘career decision’ (t= 4.242, P= 0.001) and ‘independence’ (t= 0.731, P= 0.466), a sub-factor of ‘career maturity.’
Conclusion
The career readiness level of medical students was not sufficiently high. However, a semester of educational training in a systematic career coaching program helped the students to be better prepared for their career. In particular, the significant reduction in the ‘career decision’ variable after the program can be interpreted as indicating that the students changed their behavior to explore and approach their career more seriously and carefully, which also underscores the need for the implementation of career coaching programs in medical schools.

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