Supplement 4. Results of paired t-test for 7 subscales

Variable: C1 and D1 for  communication (6 items)
Variable: C2 and D2 for  biocultural ecology and family (9) 
Variable: C3 and D3 for dietary life (3) 
Variable: C4 and D4 for death rituals (3) 
Variable: C5 and D5 for  spirituality (3) 
Variable: C6 and D6 forequality (5) 
Variable: C7 and D7 for  empowerment and intermediation (6) 


			      Paired t-test

Variable: C1 and D1
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Group         Number            Mean             S.D.             S.E.  

C1               18             3.33             0.87             0.21
D1               18             4.15             0.42             0.10

(Group Diff.) Average = -0.8148      Confidence Interval(95%): -1.3272 ~ -0.3024


[Significance]

Statistic: t = 3.3550                            Degree F: df = 17
Significance (0.05): t = 2.1098                   P Value: P = 0.0038

Decision: The difference between group means is significant.


[Normality Test]

Variable: C1 - D1
Shapiro-Wilk W = 0.9102                         P Value:  P = 0.0883
Decision: The sample distribution is normal.

                              Paired t-test

Variable: C2 and D2
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Group         Number            Mean             S.D.             S.E.  

C2               18             2.90             0.87             0.21
D2               18             3.85             0.60             0.14

(Group Diff.) Average = -0.9444      Confidence Interval(95%): -1.5169 ~ -0.3720


[Significance]

Statistic: t = 3.4810                            Degree F: df = 17
Significance (0.05): t = 2.1098                   P Value: P = 0.0029

Decision: The difference between group means is significant.


[Normality Test]

Variable: C2 - D2
Shapiro-Wilk W = 0.9395                         P Value:  P = 0.2880
Decision: The sample distribution is normal.

                              Paired t-test

Variable: C3 and D3
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Group         Number            Mean             S.D.             S.E.  

C3               18             3.24             0.86             0.20
D3               18             4.09             0.60             0.14

(Group Diff.) Average = -0.8518      Confidence Interval(95%): -1.4378 ~ -0.2659


[Significance]

Statistic: t = 3.0670                            Degree F: df = 17
Significance (0.05): t = 2.1098                   P Value: P = 0.0070

Decision: The difference between group means is significant.


[Normality Test]

Variable: C3 - D3
Shapiro-Wilk W = 0.9153                         P Value:  P = 0.1090
Decision: The sample distribution is normal.

                              Paired t-test

Variable: C4 and D4
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Group         Number            Mean             S.D.             S.E.  

C4               18             2.89             1.06             0.25
D4               18             3.98             0.80             0.19

(Group Diff.) Average = -1.0926      Confidence Interval(95%): -1.7720 ~ -0.4132


[Significance]

Statistic: t = 3.3928                            Degree F: df = 17
Significance (0.05): t = 2.1098                   P Value: P = 0.0035

Decision: The difference between group means is significant.


[Normality Test]

Variable: C4 - D4
Shapiro-Wilk W = 0.9485                         P Value:  P = 0.4036

                              Paired t-test

Variable: C5 and D5
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Group         Number            Mean             S.D.             S.E.  

C5               18             2.67             0.84             0.20
D5               18             3.76             0.82             0.19

(Group Diff.) Average = -1.0926      Confidence Interval(95%): -1.7379 ~ -0.4473


[Significance]

Statistic: t = 3.5724                            Degree F: df = 17
Significance (0.05): t = 2.1098                   P Value: P = 0.0023

Decision: The difference between group means is significant.


[Normality Test]

Variable: C5 - D5
Shapiro-Wilk W = 0.9663                         P Value:  P = 0.7119

                              Paired t-test

Variable: C6 and D6
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Group         Number            Mean             S.D.             S.E.  

C6               18             3.61             0.93             0.22
D6               18             4.43             0.51             0.12

(Group Diff.) Average = -0.8222      Confidence Interval(95%): -1.3970 ~ -0.2474


[Significance]

Statistic: t = 3.0181                            Degree F: df = 17
Significance (0.05): t = 2.1098                   P Value: P = 0.0077

Decision: The difference between group means is significant.


[Normality Test]

Variable: C6 - D6
Shapiro-Wilk W = 0.9059                         P Value:  P = 0.0738
Decision: The sample distribution is normal.

                              Paired t-test

Variable: C7 and D7
--------------------------------------------------------------------------

Group         Number            Mean             S.D.             S.E.  

C7               18             3.40             0.86             0.20
D7               18             4.14             0.57             0.13

(Group Diff.) Average = -0.7407      Confidence Interval(95%): -1.3358 ~ -0.1456


[Significance]

Statistic: t = 2.6261                            Degree F: df = 17
Significance (0.05): t = 2.1098                   P Value: P = 0.0177

Decision: The difference between group means is significant.


[Normality Test]

Variable: C7 - D7
Shapiro-Wilk W = 0.9063                         P Value:  P = 0.0749
Decision: The sample distribution is normal.