Journal of Educational Evaluation for Health Professions

Research articles

Malaysian pharmacy students’ perspectives on the virtual objective structured clinical examination during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic: Mohamed Hassan Elnaem, Muhammad Eid Akkawi, Nor Ilyani Mohamed Nazar, Norny Syafinaz Ab Rahman, Mohamad Haniki Nik Mohamed; J Educ Eval Health Prof. 2021;18:6. Published online April 12, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3352/jeehp.2021.18.6

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Purpose
This study investigated pharmacy students’ perceptions of various aspects of virtual objective structured clinical examinations (vOSCEs) conducted during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic in Malaysia.
Methods
This cross-sectional study involved third- and fourth-year pharmacy students at the International Islamic University Malaysia. A validated self-administered questionnaire was distributed to students who had taken a vOSCE a week before.
Results
Out of the 253 students who were approached, 231 (91.3%) completed the questionnaire. More than 75% of the participants agreed that the instructions and preparations were clear and helpful in familiarizing them with the vOSCE flow. It was found that 53.2% of the respondents were satisfied with the flow and conduct of the vOSCE. However, only approximately one-third of the respondents believed that the tasks provided in the vOSCE were more convenient, less stressful, and easier to perform than those in the conventional OSCE. Furthermore, 49.7% of the students favored not having a vOSCE in the future when conducting a conventional OSCE becomes feasible again. Internet connection was reported as a problem hindering the performance of the vOSCE by 51.9% of the participants. Students who were interested in clinical pharmacy courses were more satisfied than other students with the preparation and operation of the vOSCE, the faculty support, and the allocated time.
Conclusion
Students were satisfied with the organization and operation of the vOSCE. However, they still preferred the conventional OSCE over the vOSCE. These findings might indicate a further need to expose students to telehealthcare models.

Citations

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What's been trending with OSCEs in pharmacy education over the last 20 years? A bibliometric review and content analysis
Angelina S. Lim, Yeap Li Ling, Kyle J. Wilby, Vivienne Mak
Currents in Pharmacy Teaching and Learning.2024; 16(3): 212. CrossRef
Evaluation of grit and its associated factors among undergraduate pharmacy students from 14 Asian and Middle Eastern countries amid the COVID-19 pandemic
Mohamed Hassan Elnaem, Muna Barakat, Naeem Mubarak, Mohammed Salim K.T., Doaa H. Abdelaziz, Ahmed Ibrahim Fathelrahman, Abrar K. Thabit, Diana Laila Ramatillah, Ali Azeez Al-Jumaili, Nabeel Kashan Syed, Mohammed Fathelrahman Adam, Md. Sanower Hossain, Moh
Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal.2023; 31(3): 410. CrossRef
Shifting to Authentic Assessments? A Systematic Review of Student Perceptions of High-Fidelity Assessments in Pharmacy
Harjit Singh, Daniel Malone, Angelina S. Lim
American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education.2023; 87(7): 100099. CrossRef
A Telehealth Module and Virtual Objective Structured Clinical Examination of Health Literacy in Pharmacy Education
Sanah Hasan, Hamzah AlZubaidi, Subish Palaian, Muaed AlOmar, Nadir Kheir, Yassin Al Hariri, Sawsan Shanableh, Ahmed Gaili, Abby Kahaleh
American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education.2023; 87(12): 100555. CrossRef
Is It Time to Revise the Competency-Based Assessment? Objective Structured Clinical Examination and Technology Integration
Haniye Mastour, Nazanin Shamaeian Razavi
Shiraz E-Medical Journal.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Virtual OSCE: Experience and challenges with a large cohort of pharmacy students
Hanis Hanum Zulkifly, Izzati Abdul Halim Zaki, Mahmathi Karuppannan, Zakiah Mohd Noordin
Pharmacy Education.2022; 22(1): 23. CrossRef
Students’ and Examiners’ Experiences of Their First Virtual Pharmacy Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) in Australia during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Vivienne Mak, Sunanthiny Krishnan, Sara Chuang
Healthcare.2022; 10(2): 328. CrossRef
Perceptions of Pharmacy Students on the E-Learning Strategies Adopted during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review
Carla Pires
Pharmacy.2022; 10(1): 31. CrossRef
Perceptions of undergraduate pharmacy students towards online assessments used during the COVID-19 pandemic in a public university in Malaysia
Usman Abubakar, A'isyah Humaira' Mohd Salehudin, Nik Afiqah Athirah Nik Mohd Asri, Nur Atiqah Mohammad Rohi, Nur Hasyimah Ramli, Nur Izzah Mohd Khairuddin, Nur Fariesya Saiful Izham, Siti Hajar Nasrullah, Auwal Adam Sa’ad
Pharmacy Education.2022; 22(1): 191. CrossRef
Evaluation of the Utility of Online Objective Structured Clinical Examination Conducted During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Mona Arekat, Mohamed Hany Shehata, Abdelhalim Deifalla, Ahmed Al-Ansari, Archana Kumar, Mohamed Alsenbesy, Hamdi Alshenawi, Amgad El-Agroudy, Mariwan Husni, Diaa Rizk, Abdelaziz Elamin, Afif Ben Salah, Hani Atwa
Advances in Medical Education and Practice.2022; Volume 13: 407. CrossRef
COVID-19-Driven Improvements and Innovations in Pharmacy Education: A Scoping Review
Jennifer Courtney, Erika Titus-Lay, Ashim Malhotra, Jeffrey Nehira, Islam Mohamed, Welly Mente, Uyen Le, Linda Buckley, Xiaodong Feng, Ruth Vinall
Pharmacy.2022; 10(3): 60. CrossRef
Supporting pharmacy students' preparation for an entry-to-practice OSCE using video cases
Michelle Flood, Judith Strawbridge, Eimear Ní Sheachnasaigh, Theo Ryan, Laura J. Sahm, Aoife Fleming, James W. Barlow
Currents in Pharmacy Teaching and Learning.2022; 14(12): 1525. CrossRef
Empirical analysis comparing the tele-objective structured clinical examination and the in-person assessment in Australia
Jonathan Zachary Felthun, Silas Taylor, Boaz Shulruf, Digby Wigram Allen
Journal of Educational Evaluation for Health Professions.2021; 18: 23. CrossRef

Increased competency of registered dietitian nutritionists in physical examination skills after simulation-based education in the United States: Elizabeth MacQuillan, Jennifer Ford, Kristin Baird; J Educ Eval Health Prof. 2020;17:40. Published online December 14, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3352/jeehp.2020.17.40

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Abstract PDF Supplementary Material

Purpose
This study aimed to translate simulation-based dietitian nutritionist education to clinical competency attainment in a group of practicing registered dietitian nutritionists (RDNs). Using a standardized instrument to measure performance on a newly-required clinical skill, the nutrition-focused physical exam (NFPE), competence was measured both before and after a simulation-based education (SBE) session.
Methods
Eighteen practicing RDNs were recruited by their employer, Spectrum Health. Following a pre-briefing session, participants completed an initial 10-minute encounter, performing NFPE on a standardized patient (SP). Next, participants completed a 90-minute SBE training session on skills within the NFPE, including hands-on practice and role play, followed by a post-training SP encounter. Video recordings of the SP encounters were scored to assess competence in 7 skill areas within the NFPE. Scores were analyzed for participants’ initial competence and change in competence.
Results
The proportions of participants with initial competence ranged from 0% to 44% across the 7 skill areas assessed. The only competency where participants initially scored in the “meets expectations” range was “approach to the patient.” When raw competence scores were assessed for changes from pre- to post-SBE training, the paired t-test indicated significant increases in all 7 competency areas following the simulation-based training (P<0.001).
Conclusion
This study showed the effectiveness of a SBE training program for increasing competence scores of practicing RDNs on a defined clinical skill.

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Barriers for Liver Transplant in Patients with Alcohol-Related Hepatitis
Gina Choi, Jihane N. Benhammou, Jung J. Yum, Elena G. Saab, Ankur P. Patel, Andrew J. Baird, Stephanie Aguirre, Douglas G. Farmer, Sammy Saab
Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hepatology.2022; 12(1): 13. CrossRef

Correlation between physician assistant students’ performance score of history taking and physical exam documentation and scores of Graduate Record Examination, clinical year grade point average, and score of Physician Assistant National Certifying Exam in the United States: Sara Lolar, Jamie McQueen, Sara Maher; J Educ Eval Health Prof. 2020;17:16. Published online May 27, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3352/jeehp.2020.17.16

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Abstract PDF Supplementary Material

Purpose
Learning to perform and document patient history taking and physical exam (H&P) entails a major component of the first year academic education of physician assistant (PA) students at Wayne State University, USA. The H&P is summative of multiple aspects of PA education, and students must master communication with patients and other health care providers. The objectives of this study were first, to determine if there was a correlation between scores on the Graduate Record Examination (GRE) component testing and scores on graded H&Ps. The second objective was to identify a correlation between proficiency with H&P documentation and academic and clinical year grade point average (GPA) and Physician Assistant National Certifying Exam (PANCE) score.
Methods
Subjects included 147 PA students from Wayne State University from 2014–2016. PA students visited local hospitals or outpatient clinics during the academic year to perform and document patient H&Ps. Correlation between the H&P mean scores and GRE component scores, GPAs, and PANCE scores were analyzed.
Results
The subjects were 26.5 years-old (+6.5) and 111 females (75.5%). There was no correlation between the GRE component score and the H&P mean score. The H&P score was positively correlated with GPA 1 (r=0.512, P<0.001), with GPA 2 (r=0.425, P<0.001) and with PANCE score (r=0.448, P<0.001).
Conclusion
PA student skill with H&P documentation was positively related to academic performance score during PA school and achievement score on the PANCE at Wayne State University, USA.

Citations

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History-taking level and its influencing factors among nursing undergraduates based on the virtual standardized patient testing results: Cross sectional study
Jingrong Du, Xiaowen Zhu, Juan Wang, Jing Zheng, Xiaomin Zhang, Ziwen Wang, Kun Li
Nurse Education Today.2022; 111: 105312. CrossRef
A Decline in Black and Dermatology Physician Assistants
Jameka McElroy-Brooklyn, Cynthia Faires Griffith
Journal of Physician Assistant Education.2022; 33(4): 275. CrossRef

Brief Report

Potential of feedback during objective structured clinical examination to evoke an emotional response in medical students in Canada: Dalia Limor Karol, Debra Pugh; J Educ Eval Health Prof. 2020;17:5. Published online February 18, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3352/jeehp.2020.17.5

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Abstract PDF Supplementary Material

Feedback has been shown to be an important driver for learning. However, many factors, such as the emotional reactions feedback evokes, may impact its effect. This study aimed to explore medical students’ perspectives on the verbal feedback they receive during an objective structured clinical examination (OSCE); their emotional reaction to this; and its impact on their subsequent performance. To do this, medical students enrolled at 4 Canadian medical schools were invited to complete a web-based survey regarding their experiences. One hundred and fifty-eight participants completed the survey. Twenty-nine percent of respondents asserted that they had experienced emotional reactions to verbal feedback received in an OSCE setting. The most common emotional responses reported were embarrassment and anxiousness. Some students (n=20) reported that the feedback they received negatively impacted subsequent OSCE performance. This study demonstrates that feedback provided during an OSCE can evoke an emotional response in students and potentially impact subsequent performance.

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Memory, credibility and insight: How video-based feedback promotes deeper reflection and learning in objective structured clinical exams
Alexandra Makrides, Peter Yeates
Medical Teacher.2022; 44(6): 664. CrossRef
Objective structured clinical examination in fundamentals of nursing and obstetric care as method of verification and assessing the degree of achievement of learning outcomes
Lucyna Sochocka, Teresa Niechwiadowicz-Czapka, Mariola Wojtal, Monika Przestrzelska, Iwona Kiersnowska, Katarzyna Szwamel
Pielegniarstwo XXI wieku / Nursing in the 21st Century.2021; 20(3): 190. CrossRef

Research article

Dreyfus scale-based feedback increased medical students’ satisfaction with the complex cluster part of a interviewing and physical examination course and improved skills readiness in Taiwan: Shiau-Shian Huang, Chia-Chang Huang, Ying-Ying Yang, Shuu-Jiun Wang, Boaz Shulruf, Chen-Huan Chen; J Educ Eval Health Prof. 2019;16:30. Published online October 11, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3352/jeehp.2019.16.30

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Abstract PDF Supplementary Material: Purpose
In contrast to the core part of the clinical interviewing and physical examination (PE) skills course, corresponding to the basic, head-to-toe, and thoracic systems, learners need structured feedback in the cluster part of the course, which includes the abdominal, neuromuscular, and musculoskeletal systems. This study evaluated the effects of using Dreyfus scale-based feedback, which has elements of continuous professional development, instead of Likert scale-based feedback in the cluster part of training in Taiwan.
Methods
Instructors and final-year medical students in the 2015–2016 classes of National Yang-Ming University, Taiwan comprised the regular cohort, whereas those in the 2017–2018 classes formed the intervention cohort. In the intervention cohort, Dreyfus scale-based feedback, rather than Likert scale-based feedback, was used in the cluster part of the course.
Results
In the cluster part of the course in the regular cohort, pre-trained standardized patients rated the class climate as poor, and students expressed low satisfaction with the instructors and course and low self-assessed readiness. In comparison with the regular cohort, improved end-of-course group objective structured clinical examination scores after the cluster part were noted in the intervention cohort. In other words, the implementation of Dreyfus scale-based feedback in the intervention cohort for the cluster part improved the deficit in this section of the course.
Conclusion
The implementation of Dreyfus scale-based feedback helped instructors to create a good class climate in the cluster part of the clinical interviewing and PE skills course. Simultaneously, this new intervention achieved the goal of promoting medical students’ readiness for interviewing, PE, and self-directed learning.

Brief report

No observed effect of a student-led mock objective structured clinical examination on subsequent performance scores in medical students in Canada: Lorenzo Madrazo, Claire Bo Lee, Meghan McConnell, Karima Khamisa, Debra Pugh; J Educ Eval Health Prof. 2019;16:14. Published online May 27, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3352/jeehp.2019.16.14

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Abstract PDF Supplementary Material

Student-led peer-assisted mock objective structured clinical examinations (MOSCEs) have been used in various settings to help students prepare for subsequent higher-stakes, faculty-run OSCEs. MOSCE participants generally valued feedback from peers and reported benefits to learning. Our study investigated whether participation in a peer-assisted MOSCE affected subsequent OSCE performance. To determine whether mean OSCE scores differed depending on whether medical students participated in the MOSCE, we conducted a between-subjects analysis of variance, with cohort (2016 vs. 2017) and MOSCE participation (MOSCE vs. no MOSCE) as independent variables and the mean OSCE score as the dependent variable. Participation in the MOSCE had no influence on mean OSCE scores (P=0.19). There was a significant correlation between mean MOSCE scores and mean OSCE scores (Pearson r=0.52, P<0.001). Although previous studies described self-reported benefits from participation in student-led MOSCEs, it was not associated with objective benefits in this study.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Impact of familiarity with the format of the exam on performance in the OSCE of undergraduate medical students – an interventional study
Hannes Neuwirt, Iris E. Eder, Philipp Gauckler, Lena Horvath, Stefan Koeck, Maria Noflatscher, Benedikt Schaefer, Anja Simeon, Verena Petzer, Wolfgang M. Prodinger, Christoph Berendonk
BMC Medical Education.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Perceived and actual value of Student‐led Objective Structured Clinical Examinations
Brandon Stretton, Adam Montagu, Aline Kunnel, Jenni Louise, Nathan Behrendt, Joshua Kovoor, Stephen Bacchi, Josephine Thomas, Ellen Davies
The Clinical Teacher.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Benefits of semiology taught using near-peer tutoring are sustainable
Benjamin Gripay, Thomas André, Marie De Laval, Brice Peneau, Alexandre Secourgeon, Nicolas Lerolle, Cédric Annweiler, Grégoire Justeau, Laurent Connan, Ludovic Martin, Loïc Bière
BMC Medical Education.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Identification des facteurs associés à la réussite aux examens cliniques objectifs et structurés dans la faculté de médecine de Rouen
M. Leclercq, M. Vannier, Y. Benhamou, A. Liard, V. Gilard, I. Auquit-Auckbur, H. Levesque, L. Sibert, P. Schneider
La Revue de Médecine Interne.2022; 43(5): 278. CrossRef
Evaluation of the Experience of Peer-led Mock Objective Structured Practical Examination for First- and Second-year Medical Students
Faisal Alsaif, Lamia Alkuwaiz, Mohammed Alhumud, Reem Idris, Lina Neel, Mansour Aljabry, Mona Soliman
Advances in Medical Education and Practice.2022; Volume 13: 987. CrossRef
The use of a formative OSCE to prepare emergency medicine residents for summative OSCEs: a mixed-methods cohort study
Magdalene Hui Min Lee, Dong Haur Phua, Kenneth Wei Jian Heng
International Journal of Emergency Medicine.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Tutor–Student Partnership in Practice OSCE to Enhance Medical Education
Eve Cosker, Valentin Favier, Patrice Gallet, Francis Raphael, Emmanuelle Moussier, Louise Tyvaert, Marc Braun, Eva Feigerlova
Medical Science Educator.2021; 31(6): 1803. CrossRef
Peers as OSCE assessors for junior medical students – a review of routine use: a mixed methods study
Simon Schwill, Johanna Fahrbach-Veeser, Andreas Moeltner, Christiane Eicher, Sonia Kurczyk, David Pfisterer, Joachim Szecsenyi, Svetla Loukanova
BMC Medical Education.2020;[Epub] CrossRef

Educational/faculty development material

The reach of Spanish-language YouTube videos on physical examinations made by undergraduate medical students: José M. Ramos-Rincón, Isabel Belinchón-Romero, Francisco Sánchez-Ferrer, Guillermo Martínez-de la Torre, Meggan Harris, Javier Sánchez-Fernández; J Educ Eval Health Prof. 2017;14:31. Published online December 19, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3352/jeehp.2017.14.31

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Abstract PDF Supplementary Material

This study was conducted to evaluate the performance and reach of YouTube videos on physical examinations made by Spanish university students. We analyzed performance metrics for 4 videos on physical examinations in Spanish that were created by medical students at Miguel Hernández University (Elche, Spain) and are available on YouTube, on the following topics: the head and neck (7:30), the cardiovascular system (7:38), the respiratory system (13:54), and the abdomen (11:10). We used the Analytics application offered by the YouTube platform to analyze the reach of the videos from the upload date (February 17, 2015) to July 28, 2017 (2 years, 5 months, and 11 days). The total number of views, length of watch-time, and the mean view duration for the 4 videos were, respectively: 164,403 views (mean, 41,101 views; range, 12,389 to 94,573 views), 425,888 minutes (mean, 106,472 minutes; range, 37,889 to 172,840 minutes), and 2:56 minutes (range, 1:49 to 4:03 minutes). Mexico was the most frequent playback location, followed by Spain, Colombia, and Venezuela. Uruguay, Ecuador, Mexico, and Puerto Rico had the most views per 100,000 population. Spanish-language tutorials are an alternative tool for teaching physical examination skills to students whose first language is not English. The videos were especially popular in Uruguay, Ecuador, and Mexico.

Citations

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Student video production within health professions education: A scoping review
Qian Liu, Susan Geertshuis, Tehmina Gladman, Rebecca Grainger
Medical Education Online.2022;[Epub] CrossRef

Brief Report

Cross-platform digital assessment forms for evaluating surgical skills: Steven Arild Wuyts Andersen; J Educ Eval Health Prof. 2015;12:13. Published online April 17, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3352/jeehp.2015.12.13

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Abstract PDF: A variety of structured assessment tools for use in surgical training have been reported, but extant assessment tools often employ paper-based rating forms. Digital assessment forms for evaluating surgical skills could potentially offer advantages over paper-based forms, especially in complex assessment situations. In this paper, we report on the development of cross-platform digital assessment forms for use with multiple raters in order to facilitate the automatic processing of surgical skills assessments that include structured ratings. The FileMaker 13 platform was used to create a database containing the digital assessment forms, because this software has cross-platform functionality on both desktop computers and handheld devices. The database is hosted online, and the rating forms can therefore also be accessed through most modern web browsers. Cross-platform digital assessment forms were developed for the rating of surgical skills. The database platform used in this study was reasonably priced, intuitive for the user, and flexible. The forms have been provided online as free downloads that may serve as the basis for further development or as inspiration for future efforts. In conclusion, digital assessment forms can be used for the structured rating of surgical skills and have the potential to be especially useful in complex assessment situations with multiple raters, repeated assessments in various times and locations, and situations requiring substantial subsequent data processing or complex score calculations.

Research Articles

Exploration of examinees’ traits that affect the score of Korean Medical Licensing Examination: Mi Kyoung Yim; J Educ Eval Health Prof. 2015;12:5. Published online March 16, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3352/jeehp.2015.12.5

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Abstract PDF

Purpose
It aims to identify the effect of five variables to score of the Korean Medical Licensing Examinations (KMLE) for three consecutive years from 2011 to 2013.
Methods
The number of examinees for each examination was 3,364 in 2011 3,177 in 2012, and 3,287 in 2013. Five characteristics of examinees were set as variables: gender, age, graduation status, written test result (pass or fail), and city of medical school. A regression model was established, with the score of a written test as a dependent variable and with examinees’ traits as variables.
Results
The regression coefficients in all variables, except the city of medical school, were statistically significant. The variable’s effect in three examinations appeared in the following order: result of written test, graduation status, age, gender, and city of medical school.
Conclusion
written test scores of the KMLE revealed that female students, younger examinees, and first-time examinees had higher performances.

Citations

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Gender bias in the medical school admission system in Japan
Kayo Fukami, Kae Okoshi, Yasuko Tomizawa
SN Social Sciences.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
A Comparative Study of Predictive Factors for Passing the National Physical Therapy Examination using Logistic Regression Analysis and Decision Tree Analysis
So Hyun Kim, Sung Hyoun Cho
Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science.2022; 11(3): 285. CrossRef

Assessment of structured physical examination skills training using a retro-pre-questionnaire: Mal Piryani Rano, Shankar P. Ravi, Piryani Suneel, Thapa Trilok Pati, Karki Balmansingh, Khakurel Mahesh Prasad, Bhandary Shital; J Educ Eval Health Prof. 2013;10:13. Published online December 4, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3352/jeehp.2013.10.13

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How Far Has theInternational Neurourology JournalProgressed Since Its Transformation Into an English Language Journal?
Sun Huh
International Neurourology Journal.2014; 18(1): 3. CrossRef

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