Journal of Educational Evaluation for Health Professions

Research articles

Comparison of virtual and in-person simulations for sepsis and trauma resuscitation training in Singapore: a randomized controlled trial: Matthew Jian Wen Low, Gene Wai Han Chan, Zisheng Li, Yiwen Koh, Chi Loong Jen, Zi Yao Lee, Lenard Tai Win Cheng; J Educ Eval Health Prof. 2024;21:33. Published online November 18, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3352/jeehp.2024.21.33

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Abstract PDF Supplementary Material: Purpose
This study aimed to compare cognitive, non-cognitive, and overall learning outcomes for sepsis and trauma resuscitation skills in novices with virtual patient simulation (VPS) versus in-person simulation (IPS).
Methods
A randomized controlled trial was conducted on junior doctors in 1 emergency department from January to December 2022, comparing 70 minutes of VPS (n=19) versus IPS (n=21) in sepsis and trauma resuscitation. Using the nominal group technique, we created skills assessment checklists and determined Bloom’s taxonomy domains for each checklist item. Two blinded raters observed participants leading 1 sepsis and 1 trauma resuscitation simulation. Satisfaction was measured using the Student Satisfaction with Learning Scale (SSLS). The SSLS and checklist scores were analyzed using the Wilcoxon rank sum test and 2-tailed t-test respectively.
Results
For sepsis, there was no significant difference between VPS and IPS in overall scores (2.0; 95% confidence interval [CI], -1.4 to 5.4; Cohen’s d=0.38), as well as in items that were cognitive (1.1; 95% CI, -1.5 to 3.7) and not only cognitive (0.9; 95% CI, -0.4 to 2.2). Likewise, for trauma, there was no significant difference in overall scores (-0.9; 95% CI, -4.1 to 2.3; Cohen’s d=0.19), as well as in items that were cognitive (-0.3; 95% CI, -2.8 to 2.1) and not only cognitive (-0.6; 95% CI, -2.4 to 1.3). The median SSLS scores were lower with VPS than with IPS (-3.0; 95% CI, -1.0 to -5.0).
Conclusion
For novices, there were no major differences in overall and non-cognitive learning outcomes for sepsis and trauma resuscitation between VPS and IPS. Learners were more satisfied with IPS than with VPS (clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT05201950).

Factors influencing the learning transfer of nursing students in a non-face-to-face educational environment during the COVID-19 pandemic in Korea: a cross-sectional study using structural equation modeling: Geun Myun Kim, Yunsoo Kim, Seong Kwang Kim; J Educ Eval Health Prof. 2023;20:14. Published online April 27, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3352/jeehp.2023.20.14

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Purpose
The aim of this study was to identify factors influencing the learning transfer of nursing students in a non-face-to-face educational environment through structural equation modeling and suggest ways to improve the transfer of learning.
Methods
In this cross-sectional study, data were collected via online surveys from February 9 to March 1, 2022, from 218 nursing students in Korea. Learning transfer, learning immersion, learning satisfaction, learning efficacy, self-directed learning ability and information technology utilization ability were analyzed using IBM SPSS for Windows ver. 22.0 and AMOS ver. 22.0.
Results
The assessment of structural equation modeling showed adequate model fit, with normed χ2=1.74 (P<0.024), goodness-of-fit index=0.97, adjusted goodness-of-fit index=0.93, comparative fit index=0.98, root mean square residual=0.02, Tucker-Lewis index=0.97, normed fit index=0.96, and root mean square error of approximation=0.06. In a hypothetical model analysis, 9 out of 11 pathways of the hypothetical structural model for learning transfer in nursing students were statistically significant. Learning self-efficacy and learning immersion of nursing students directly affected learning transfer, and subjective information technology utilization ability, self-directed learning ability, and learning satisfaction were variables with indirect effects. The explanatory power of immersion, satisfaction, and self-efficacy for learning transfer was 44.4%.
Conclusion
The assessment of structural equation modeling indicated an acceptable fit. It is necessary to improve the transfer of learning through the development of a self-directed program for learning ability improvement, including the use of information technology in nursing students’ learning environment in non-face-to-face conditions.

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Flow in Relation to Academic Achievement in Online-Learning: A Meta-Analysis Study
Da Xing, Yunjung Lee, Gyun Heo
Measurement: Interdisciplinary Research and Perspectives.2025; 23(1): 1. CrossRef
Mediating Effects of Learning Environment Adaptation and Self-Efficacy on College Students’ Self-Directed Learning
Yilin Ren, Jienan Wu
Applied Mathematics and Nonlinear Sciences.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
The Mediating Effect of Perceived Institutional Support on Inclusive Leadership and Academic Loyalty in Higher Education
Olabode Gbobaniyi, Shalini Srivastava, Abiodun Kolawole Oyetunji, Chiemela Victor Amaechi, Salmia Binti Beddu, Bajpai Ankita
Sustainability.2023; 15(17): 13195. CrossRef
Transfer of Learning of New Nursing Professionals: Exploring Patterns and the Effect of Previous Work Experience
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Education Sciences.2023; 14(1): 52. CrossRef

Improvement of the clinical skills of nurse anesthesia students using mini-clinical evaluation exercises in Iran: a randomized controlled study: Ali Khalafi, Yasamin Sharbatdar, Nasrin Khajeali, Mohammad Hosein Haghighizadeh, Mahshid Vaziri; J Educ Eval Health Prof. 2023;20:12. Published online April 6, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3352/jeehp.2023.20.12

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Abstract PDF Supplementary Material

Purpose
The present study aimed to investigate the effect of a mini-clinical evaluation exercise (CEX) assessment on improving the clinical skills of nurse anesthesia students at Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
Methods
This study started on November 1, 2022, and ended on December 1, 2022. It was conducted among 50 nurse anesthesia students divided into intervention and control groups. The intervention group’s clinical skills were evaluated 4 times using the mini-CEX method. In contrast, the same skills were evaluated in the control group based on the conventional method—that is, general supervision by the instructor during the internship and a summative evaluation based on a checklist at the end of the course. The intervention group students also filled out a questionnaire to measure their satisfaction with the mini-CEX method.
Results
The mean score of the students in both the control and intervention groups increased significantly on the post-test (P<0.0001), but the improvement in the scores of the intervention group was significantly greater compared with the control group (P<0.0001). The overall mean score for satisfaction in the intervention group was 76.3 out of a maximum of 95.
Conclusion
The findings of this study showed that using mini-CEX as a formative evaluation method to evaluate clinical skills had a significant effect on the improvement of nurse anesthesia students’ clinical skills, and they had a very favorable opinion about this evaluation method.

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Exploring the clinical practice training program for Master of Nursing Specialist in anesthesia: A qualitative study
Huihui Hu, Yanxin Gu, Yi Yang, Rui Gao, Peishuang Wang, Fang Zhou
Nurse Education Today.2025; 147: 106577. CrossRef
Psychometric testing of anesthesia nursing competence scale (AnestComp)
Samira Mahmoudi, Akram Yazdani, Fatemeh Hasanshiri
Perioperative Care and Operating Room Management.2024; 34: 100368. CrossRef
Application of flipped classroom teaching method based on ADDIE concept in clinical teaching for neurology residents
Juan Zhang, Hong Chen, Xie Wang, Xiaofeng Huang, Daojun Xie
BMC Medical Education.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Impactos do Mini-Cex no ensino-aprendizagem da saúde: uma revisão integrativa
João Henrique Anizio de Farias, Draenne Micarla dos Santos Silva, Clédson Calixto de Oliveira, Elzenir Pereira de Oliveira Almeida
Revista de Gestão e Secretariado.2024; 15(9): e4150. CrossRef
Comparing Satisfaction of Undergraduate Nursing Students`: Mini-CEX vs CIM in Assessing Clinical Competence
Somia Saghir, Anny Ashiq Ali, Kashif Khan, Uzma Bibi, Shafaat Ullah, Rafi Ullah, Zaifullah Khan, Tahir Khan
Pakistan Journal of Health Sciences.2023; : 134. CrossRef
Enhancement of the technical and non-technical skills of nurse anesthesia students using the Anesthetic List Management Assessment Tool in Iran: a quasi-experimental study
Ali Khalafi, Maedeh Kordnejad, Vahid Saidkhani
Journal of Educational Evaluation for Health Professions.2023; 20: 19. CrossRef

What impacts students’ satisfaction the most from Medicine Student Experience Questionnaire in Australia: a validity study: Pin-Hsiang Huang, Gary Velan, Greg Smith, Melanie Fentoullis, Sean Edward Kennedy, Karen Jane Gibson, Kerry Uebel, Boaz Shulruf; J Educ Eval Health Prof. 2023;20:2. Published online January 18, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3352/jeehp.2023.20.2

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Abstract PDF Supplementary Material

Purpose
This study evaluated the validity of student feedback derived from Medicine Student Experience Questionnaire (MedSEQ), as well as the predictors of students’ satisfaction in the Medicine program.
Methods
Data from MedSEQ applying to the University of New South Wales Medicine program in 2017, 2019, and 2021 were analyzed. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and Cronbach’s α were used to assess the construct validity and reliability of MedSEQ respectively. Hierarchical multiple linear regressions were used to identify the factors that most impact students’ overall satisfaction with the program.
Results
A total of 1,719 students (34.50%) responded to MedSEQ. CFA showed good fit indices (root mean square error of approximation=0.051; comparative fit index=0.939; chi-square/degrees of freedom=6.429). All factors yielded good (α>0.7) or very good (α>0.8) levels of reliability, except the “online resources” factor, which had acceptable reliability (α=0.687). A multiple linear regression model with only demographic characteristics explained 3.8% of the variance in students’ overall satisfaction, whereas the model adding 8 domains from MedSEQ explained 40%, indicating that 36.2% of the variance was attributable to students’ experience across the 8 domains. Three domains had the strongest impact on overall satisfaction: “being cared for,” “satisfaction with teaching,” and “satisfaction with assessment” (β=0.327, 0.148, 0.148, respectively; all with P<0.001).
Conclusion
MedSEQ has good construct validity and high reliability, reflecting students’ satisfaction with the Medicine program. Key factors impacting students’ satisfaction are the perception of being cared for, quality teaching irrespective of the mode of delivery and fair assessment tasks which enhance learning.

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Mental health and quality of life across 6 years of medical training: A year-by-year analysis
Natalia de Castro Pecci Maddalena, Alessandra Lamas Granero Lucchetti, Ivana Lucia Damasio Moutinho, Oscarina da Silva Ezequiel, Giancarlo Lucchetti
International Journal of Social Psychiatry.2024; 70(2): 298. CrossRef

Review

Medical students’ satisfaction level with e-learning during the COVID-19 pandemic and its related factors: a systematic review: Mahbubeh Tabatabaeichehr, Samane Babaei, Mahdieh Dartomi, Peiman Alesheikh, Amir Tabatabaee, Hamed Mortazavi, Zohreh Khoshgoftar; J Educ Eval Health Prof. 2022;19:37. Published online December 20, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3352/jeehp.2022.19.37

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Abstract PDF Supplementary Material

Purpose
This review investigated medical students’ satisfaction level with e-learning during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and its related factors.
Methods
A comprehensive systematic search was performed of international literature databases, including Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, and Persian databases such as Iranmedex and Scientific Information Database using keywords extracted from Medical Subject Headings such as “Distance learning,” “Distance education,” “Online learning,” “Online education,” and “COVID-19” from the earliest date to July 10, 2022. The quality of the studies included in this review was evaluated using the appraisal tool for cross-sectional studies (AXIS tool).
Results
A total of 15,473 medical science students were enrolled in 24 studies. The level of satisfaction with e-learning during the COVID-19 pandemic among medical science students was 51.8%. Factors such as age, gender, clinical year, experience with e-learning before COVID-19, level of study, adaptation content of course materials, interactivity, understanding of the content, active participation of the instructor in the discussion, multimedia use in teaching sessions, adequate time dedicated to the e-learning, stress perception, and convenience had significant relationships with the satisfaction of medical students with e-learning during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Conclusion
Therefore, due to the inevitability of online education and e-learning, it is suggested that educational managers and policymakers choose the best online education method for medical students by examining various studies in this field to increase their satisfaction with e-learning.

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Student perceptions and outcomes from asynchronous versus synchronous remote learning in a pharmacy skills course
Stephanie L. Hsia, Gabriela Mackey, Raka Mondal, Crystal Zhou
Currents in Pharmacy Teaching and Learning.2025; 17(5): 102299. CrossRef
Identifying Research Priorities in Digital Education for Health Care: Umbrella Review and Modified Delphi Method Study
Alison Potter, Chris Munsch, Elaine Watson, Emily Hopkins, Sofia Kitromili, Iain Cameron O'Neill, Judy Larbie, Essi Niittymaki, Catriona Ramsay, Joshua Burke, Neil Ralph
Journal of Medical Internet Research.2025; 27: e66157. CrossRef
Factors affecting medical students’ satisfaction with online learning: a regression analysis of a survey
Özlem Serpil Çakmakkaya, Elif Güzel Meydanlı, Ali Metin Kafadar, Mehmet Selman Demirci, Öner Süzer, Muhlis Cem Ar, Muhittin Onur Yaman, Kaan Can Demirbaş, Mustafa Sait Gönen
BMC Medical Education.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
A comparative study on the effectiveness of online and in-class team-based learning on student performance and perceptions in virtual simulation experiments
Jing Shen, Hongyan Qi, Ruhuan Mei, Cencen Sun
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Pharmacy Students’ Attitudes Toward Distance Learning After the COVID-19 Pandemic: Cross-Sectional Study From Saudi Arabia
Saud Alsahali, Salman Almutairi, Salem Almutairi, Saleh Almofadhi, Mohammed Anaam, Mohammed Alshammari, Suhaj Abdulsalim, Yasser Almogbel
JMIR Formative Research.2024; 8: e54500. CrossRef
Effects of the First Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Work Readiness of Undergraduate Nursing Students in China: A Mixed-Methods Study
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Online learning satisfaction and participation in flipped classroom and case-based learning for medical students
Irma Uliano Effting Zoch de Moura, Valentina Coutinho Baldoto Gava Chakr
Revista Brasileira de Educação Médica.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Medical education during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic: an umbrella review
Seyed Aria Nejadghaderi, Zohreh Khoshgoftar, Asra Fazlollahi, Mohammad Javad Nasiri
Frontiers in Medicine.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Exploration of the Education and Teaching Management Model for Medical International Students in China
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Advances in Education.2024; 14(08): 390. CrossRef
Virtual global health education partnerships for health professional students: a scoping review
Nora K. Lenhard, Crystal An, Divya Jasthi, Veronica Laurel-Vargas, Ilon Weinstein, Suet K. Lam
Global Health Promotion.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Applying the Panarchy Framework to Examining Post-Pandemic Adaptation in the Undergraduate Medical Education Environment: A Qualitative Study
Gowda Parameshwara Prashanth, Ciraj Ali Mohammed
Teaching and Learning in Medicine.2024; : 1. CrossRef
Identifying group metacognition associated with medical students’ teamwork satisfaction in an online small group tutorial context
Chia-Ter Chao, Yen-Lin Chiu, Chiao-Ling Tsai, Mong-Wei Lin, Chih-Wei Yang, Chiao-Chi Ho, Chiun Hsu, Huey-Ling Chen
BMC Medical Education.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Medical students’ perceptions of the post-COVID-19 educational environment in Oman
Gowda Parameshwara Prashanth, Ciraj Ali Mohammed
Learning Environments Research.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Physician Assistant Students’ Perception of Online Didactic Education: A Cross-Sectional Study
Daniel L Anderson, Jeffrey L Alexander
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Mediating Role of PERMA Wellbeing in the Relationship between Insomnia and Psychological Distress among Nursing College Students
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Research article

Factors affecting nursing and health technician students' satisfaction with distance learning during the COVID-19 pandemic in Morocco: a descriptive study: Aziz Naciri, Mohamed Radid, Abderrahmane Achbani, Mohamed Amine Baba, Ahmed Kharbach, Ghizlane Chemsi; J Educ Eval Health Prof. 2022;19:28. Published online October 17, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3352/jeehp.2022.19.28

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Abstract PDF Supplementary Material

Purpose
Distance learning describes any learning based on the use of new multimedia technologies and the internet to allow students to acquire new knowledge and skills at a distance. This study aimed to determine satisfaction levels with distance learning and associated factors among nursing and health technician students during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic in Morocco.
Methods
An descriptive study was conducted between April and June 2022 among nursing and health technician students using a self-administered instrument. The student satisfaction questionnaire consists of 24 questions categorized into 6 subscales: instructor, technology, course setup, interaction, outcomes, and overall satisfaction. It was based on a 5-point Likert scale, ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree). Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify factors associated with student satisfaction during distance learning.
Results
A total of 330 students participated in this study, and 176 students (53.3%) were satisfied with the distance learning activities. A mean score higher than 2.8 out of 5 was obtained for all subscales. Multiple regression analysis showed that students’ year of study (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 2.34; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.28–4.27) and internet quality (aOR, 0.47; 95% CI, 0.29–0.77) were the significant factors associated with students’ satisfaction during distance learning.
Conclusion
This study highlights the satisfaction level of students and factors that influenced it during distance learning. A thorough understanding of student satisfaction with digital environments will contribute to the successful implementation of distance learning devices in nursing.

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Satisfaction with online education among students, faculty, and parents before and after the COVID-19 outbreak: Evidence from a meta-analysis
Tianyuan Xu, Ling Xue
Frontiers in Psychology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef

Educational/Faculty development material

Environmental management education using immersive virtual reality in asthmatic children in Korea: a randomized controlled study (secondary publication): Seung Hyun Kim, Sang Hyun Park, Insoon Kang, Yuyoung Song, Jaehoon Lim, Wonsuck Yoon, Young Yoo; J Educ Eval Health Prof. 2022;19:15. Published online July 11, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3352/jeehp.2022.19.15

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Awareness of environmental control is considered a significant influence on the performance of asthma self-management behaviors, which are involved in maintaining effective asthma control. This study aimed to investigate whether immersive virtual reality (VR) education is effective in environmental control education for asthmatic children in Korea. Thirty asthmatic children aged 9 to 13 years with aeroallergen sensitization were enrolled. Environmental control education for asthmatic participants was performed using immersive VR (VR group) or conventional leaflets provided by asthma specialists (control group). Five questionnaires, on awareness of environmental control, memory, assessment of intent to act, a satisfaction test, and an Asthma Control Test (ACT), were used to estimate the effects of education. The scores for awareness of environmental control, memory, and intent to act significantly increased after education in both groups, and the scores remained high until 4 weeks after education. Both groups’ ACT scores were consistently high before and 4 weeks after education. Satisfaction scores were very high in the VR group. The increased scores in awareness of environmental control and intent to act indicate that the environmental control education using VR is worthy of attention as an effective educational tool for asthma management. Further developed techniques, including active environmental interventions by participants in VR, could be applied to effective asthma management.

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Use of Digital Health in Pediatric Asthma
Joyce A. Baker, Ariel Berlinski
Respiratory Care.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials on Virtual Reality Application in Pediatric Patients
Ashish Varma, Waqar M Naqvi, Salima Mulla, Samana Syed, Sumit Thakur, Sakshi P Arora, Anuj R Varma, Smruti Besekar
Cureus.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Medical students’ self-assessed efficacy and satisfaction with training on endotracheal intubation and central venous catheterization with smart glasses in Taiwan: a non-equivalent control-group pre- and post-test study
Yu-Fan Lin, Chien-Ying Wang, Yen-Hsun Huang, Sheng-Min Lin, Ying-Ying Yang
Journal of Educational Evaluation for Health Professions.2022; 19: 25. CrossRef

Research articles

Obstetrics and gynecology residents’ satisfaction and self-confidence after an anal sphincter injury simulation-based workshop in Indonesia: a pre- and post-intervention comparison study: Riska Wahyuningtyas, Eighty Mardiyan Kurniawati, Budi Utomo, Gatut Hardianto, Hari Paraton, Tri Hastono, Djoko Kuswanto; J Educ Eval Health Prof. 2022;19:4. Published online February 14, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3352/jeehp.2022.19.4

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Abstract PDF Supplementary Material

Purpose
Obstetric anal sphincter injury is one of the most common complications during delivery. Simulation models with manikins can be used as an effective medical learning method to improve students’ abilities before encountering patients. The present study aimed to describe the development of an anal sphincter injury model and to assess residents’ satisfaction and self-confidence after a perineal repair workshop with an anal sphincter injury simulator in Indonesia.
Methods
This was a cross-sectional study with evaluation of outcomes before and after the workshop. We created a silicone-latex simulation anal sphincter injury model. Then, we validated this simulation and used it as a simulation model for the workshop. We asked residents about their satisfaction with repairing anal sphincter injuries using a simulation model and residents’ self-confidence when practicing anal sphincter injury repair.
Results
All residents felt the simulation-based workshop was valuable (100%). Most of the scores for the similarity of the simulation model were good (about 8 out of maximum 10). The self-assessment of confidence was measured before and after the workshop. Overall self-confidence increased significantly after the workshop in identifying the external sphincter ani (EAS) (P=0.031), suturing the anal mucosa (P=0.001), suturing the internal sphincter ani (P=0.001), suturing the EAS (P<0.001), and evaluating the sphincter ani tone (P=0.016).
Conclusion
The anal sphincter injury simulator improved residents’ self-confidence in identifying the EAS, suturing the anal mucosa, suturing the internal sphincter ani, suturing the EAS, and evaluating sphincter ani tone.

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Improving the confidence level and surgical skills of undergraduate medical students by using pig-perineum simulation-based learning
Sasivimol Srisukho, Chailert Phongnarisorn, Opas Sreshthaputra, Wirawit Piyamongkol, Theera Tongsong
BMC Medical Education.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Objective structured assessment of medical students’ technical skills in second-degree perineal laceration repair with sponge model-based training
Gregor Leonhard Olmes, Merle Doerk, Erich-Franz Solomayer, Meletios P. Nigdelis, Romina-Marina Sima, Bashar Haj Hamoud
Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics.2023; 310(2): 893. CrossRef

No difference in learning outcomes and usability between using controllers and hand tracking during a virtual reality endotracheal intubation training for medical students in Thailand: Chaowanan Khundam, Naparat Sukkriang, Frédéric Noël; J Educ Eval Health Prof. 2021;18:22. Published online August 18, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3352/jeehp.2021.18.22

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Abstract PDF Supplementary Material

Purpose
We developed a virtual reality (VR) endotracheal intubation training that applied 2 interaction modalities (hand-tracking or controllersIt aimed to investigatedthe differences of usuability between using hand tracking and controllers during the VR intervention for intubation training for medical students from February 2021 to March 2021 in Thailand.
Methods
Forty-five participants were divided into 3 groups: video only, video with VR controller training, and video with VR hand tracking training. Pre-test, post-test, and practice scores were used to assess learning outcomes. The System Usability Scale (SUS) and User Satisfaction Evaluation Questionnaire (USEQ) questionnaires were used to evaluate the differences between the VR groups. The sample comprised 45 medical students (undergraduate) who were taking part in clinical training at Walailak University in Thailand.
Results
The overall learning outcomes of both VR groups were better than those of the video group. The post-test scores (P=0.581) and practice scores (P=0.168) of both VR groups were not significantly different. Similarly, no significant between-group differences were found in the SUS scores (P=0.588) or in any aspects of the USEQ scores.
Conclusion
VR enhanced medical training. Interactions using hand tracking or controllers were not significantly different in terms of the outcomes measured in this study. The results and interviews provided a better understanding of support learning and training, which will be further improved and developed to create a self-learning VR medical training system in the future.

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A systematic review and meta-analysis of mixed reality in vocational education and training: examining behavioral, cognitive, and affective training outcomes and possible moderators
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Virtual reality and augmented reality in medical education: an umbrella review
Talia Tene, Diego Fabián Vique López, Paulina Elizabeth Valverde Aguirre, Luz María Orna Puente, Cristian Vacacela Gomez
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AR/VR Teaching-Learning Experiences in Higher Education Institutions (HEI): A Systematic Literature Review
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Application and challenges of a metaverse in medicine
Yingshu Wang, Congcong Li, Lai Qu, Hongfei Cai, Yingying Ge
Frontiers in Robotics and AI.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Application of computer-based testing in the Korean Medical Licensing Examination, the emergence of the metaverse in medical education, journal metrics and statistics, and appreciation to reviewers and volunteers
Sun Huh
Journal of Educational Evaluation for Health Professions.2022; 19: 2. CrossRef
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The relationships of nursing students’ satisfaction and self-confidence after a simulation-based course with their self-confidence while practicing on real patients in Vietnam: Tran Thi Hoang Oanh, Nguyen Thi Yen Hoai, Pham Thi Thuy; J Educ Eval Health Prof. 2021;18:16. Published online July 30, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3352/jeehp.2021.18.16

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Purpose
Simulation teaching refers to the replication of real-life scenarios, enabling students to practice nursing skills and learn actively in a safe environment. It also helps students control their anxiety and fears when caring for real patients. This study investigated the relationships of Vietnamese nursing students’ self-confidence in clinical practice with their satisfaction and self-confidence in simulation-based practice.
Methods
This cross-sectional descriptive study included 182 nursing students. The data collection included 2 separate stages with 2 main questionnaires. The Student Satisfaction and Self‐Confidence in Learning Scale was used to measure students’ satisfaction and self‐confidence after learning in the simulation room. The Confidence Scale was used to measure students’ self-confidence when first performing techniques on actual patients. Data were analyzed by descriptive and Pearson correlation statistics.
Results
Students’ satisfaction and self-confidence during the simulation course were quite high (mean±standard deviation [SD], 4.06±0.48 and 4.11±0.46 out of 5.0, respectively). In contrast, their confidence when first practicing on a patient was moderate (mean±SD, 3.19±0.62 out of 5.0). Students’ satisfaction showed moderate and weak positive correlations with self-confidence in pre-clinical practice and in clinical practice (r=0.33, P<0.001 and r=0.26, P<0.001, respectively).
Conclusion
Simulation has become an effective teaching strategy that can help nursing students be well-prepared for clinical placements in Vietnam. An effective nursing education strategy is needed to enhance the satisfaction and self-confidence of nursing students in simulation and then in clinical practice to help achieve professional engagement and development.

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Construção e validação de guia de habilidade para autoaprendizagem: preparo e administração de medicamentos
Ana Cristina Tripoloni, Carla Roberta Monteiro Miura, Tânia Arena Moreira Domingues, Juliana de Lima Lopes, Ruth Ester Assayag Batista
Caderno Pedagógico.2024; 21(4): e3835. CrossRef
Assessing satisfaction in simulation among nursing students: psychometric properties of the Satisfaction with Simulation Experience - Italian Version scale
Sara Alberti, Massimo Guasconi, Marina Bolzoni, Giulia Donnini, Paola Volpi, Sergio Rovesti, Federico Monaco, Antonio Bonacaro, Paola Ferri
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Changes in the working conditions and learning environment of medical residents after the enactment of the Medical Resident Act in Korea in 2015: a national 4-year longitudinal study: Sangho Sohn, Yeonjoo Seo, Yunsik Jeong, Seungwoo Lee, Jeesun Lee, Kyung Ju Lee; J Educ Eval Health Prof. 2021;18:7. Published online April 20, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3352/jeehp.2021.18.7

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Abstract PDF Supplementary Material

Purpose
In 2015, the South Korean government legislated the Act for the Improvement of Training Conditions and Status of Medical Residents (Medical Resident Act). This study investigated changes in the working and learning environment pre- and post-implementation of the Medical Resident Act in 2017, as well as changes in training conditions by year post-implementation.
Methods
An annual cross-sectional voluntary survey was conducted by the Korean Intern Resident Association (KIRA) between 2016 and 2019. The learning and working environment, including extended shift length, rest time, learning goals, and job satisfaction, were compared by institution type, training year, and specialty.
Results
Of the 55,727 enrollees in the KIRA, 15,029 trainees took the survey, and the number of survey participants increased year by year (from 2,984 in 2016 to 4,700 in 2019). Overall working hours tended to decrease; however, interns worked the most (114 hours in 2016, 88 hours in 2019; P<0.001). Having 10 hours or more of break time has gradually become more common (P<0.001). Lunch breaks per week decreased from 5 in 2017 to 4 in 2019 (P<0.001). Trainees’ sense of educational deprivation due to physician assistants increased from 17.5% in 2016 to 25.6% in 2018 (P<0.001). Awareness of tasks and program/work achievement goals increased from 29.2% in 2016 to 58.3% in 2018 (P<0.001). Satisfaction with the learning environment increased over time, whereas satisfaction with working conditions varied.
Conclusion
The Medical Resident Act has brought promising changes to the training of medical residents in Korea, as well as their satisfaction with the training environment.

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How dental students’ course experiences and satisfaction of their basic psychological needs influence passion for studying in Chile: Cesar Orsini, Jorge Tricio, Doris Tapia, Cristina Segura; J Educ Eval Health Prof. 2019;16:37. Published online November 29, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3352/jeehp.2019.16.37

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Abstract PDF Supplementary Material

Purpose
This study aimed to determine how the general course experiences of dental students in Chile and the satisfaction or frustration of their basic psychological needs influenced their passion for studying, and how passion influenced students’ study strategies.
Methods
A correlational cross-sectional study was conducted at 3 Chilean dental schools between April and June 2018, in which 935 undergraduate students participated. Students responded to Spanish-language versions of 4 psychological scale tools: the Course Experience Questionnaire, the Basic Psychological Needs Satisfac¬tion and Frustration Scale, the Passion Scale, and the Revised Study Process Questionnaire. Data were analysed with bivariate correlations and structural equation modelling, controlling for age, gender, year of study, and type of university.
Results
Students’ general course experiences (i.e., good teaching, clear goals and standards, appropriate assessment, and appropriate workload) positively predicted basic need satisfaction and negatively predicted need frustration. Need satisfaction positively predicted passion in students, with stronger scores for harmonious passion. Basic need frustration positively predicted obsessive passion and negatively predicted harmonious passion. Harmonious passion positively predicted deep study strategies and negatively predicted surface study strategies, while obsessive passion positively predicted both deep and surface study strategies.
Conclusion
Dental students’ optimal course experiences positively influenced the satisfaction of their basic psychological needs, which favoured harmonious over obsessive passion. In turn, harmonious over obsessive passion positively influenced deep study strategies. Therefore, efforts should be made to provide course experiences that support students’ basic needs and harmonious passion for studying, both in classroom and chair-side teaching.

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A conceptual model for students’ satisfaction with team-based learning using partial least squares structural equation modelling in a faculty of life sciences, in the United Kingdom: Andrea Manfrin, Bugewa Apampa, Prabha Parthasarathy; J Educ Eval Health Prof. 2019;16:36. Published online November 13, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3352/jeehp.2019.16.36

11,031 View
241 Download
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Abstract PDF Supplementary Material

Purpose
Students’ satisfaction is an essential element in higher education. This study aimed to identify paths and predictive power of students’ satisfaction during team-based learning (TBL) activities in the faculty of life sciences using partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM).
Methods
In 2018–2019, at the University of Sussex (Falmer, UK), 180 life science students exposed to TBL were invited to participate in the study. Team-Based-Learning-Student-Assessment-Instrument was used. A conceptual model was developed for testing six hypotheses. H1: What was the effect of TBL on student satisfaction? H2: What was the effect of lectures on student satisfaction? H3: What was the effect of TBL on accountability? H4: What was the effect of lectures on accountability? H5: What was the effect of accountability on student satisfaction? H6: What were the in-sample and out-of-sample predictive power of the model? The analysis was conducted using the PLS-SEM approach.
Results
Ninety-nine students participated in the study giving a 55% response rate. Confirmatory tetrad analysis suggested a reflective model. Construct reliability, validity, average extracted variance, and discriminant validity were confirmed. All path coefficients were positive, and 5 were statistically significant (H1: β=0.587, P<0:001; H2: β=0.262, P<0.001; H3: β=0.532, P<0.001; H4: β=0.063, P=0.546; H5: β=0.200, P=0.002). The in-sample predictive power was weak for Accountability, (R2=0.303; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.117–0.428; P<0.001) and substantial for Student Satisfaction (R2=0.678; 95% CI, 0.498–0.777; P<0.001). The out-of-sample predictive power was moderate.
Conclusion
The results have demonstrated the possibility of developing and testing a TBL conceptual model using PLS-SEM for the evaluation of path coefficients and predictive power relative to students’ satisfaction.

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Dreyfus scale-based feedback increased medical students’ satisfaction with the complex cluster part of a interviewing and physical examination course and improved skills readiness in Taiwan: Shiau-Shian Huang, Chia-Chang Huang, Ying-Ying Yang, Shuu-Jiun Wang, Boaz Shulruf, Chen-Huan Chen; J Educ Eval Health Prof. 2019;16:30. Published online October 11, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3352/jeehp.2019.16.30

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Abstract PDF Supplementary Material: Purpose
In contrast to the core part of the clinical interviewing and physical examination (PE) skills course, corresponding to the basic, head-to-toe, and thoracic systems, learners need structured feedback in the cluster part of the course, which includes the abdominal, neuromuscular, and musculoskeletal systems. This study evaluated the effects of using Dreyfus scale-based feedback, which has elements of continuous professional development, instead of Likert scale-based feedback in the cluster part of training in Taiwan.
Methods
Instructors and final-year medical students in the 2015–2016 classes of National Yang-Ming University, Taiwan comprised the regular cohort, whereas those in the 2017–2018 classes formed the intervention cohort. In the intervention cohort, Dreyfus scale-based feedback, rather than Likert scale-based feedback, was used in the cluster part of the course.
Results
In the cluster part of the course in the regular cohort, pre-trained standardized patients rated the class climate as poor, and students expressed low satisfaction with the instructors and course and low self-assessed readiness. In comparison with the regular cohort, improved end-of-course group objective structured clinical examination scores after the cluster part were noted in the intervention cohort. In other words, the implementation of Dreyfus scale-based feedback in the intervention cohort for the cluster part improved the deficit in this section of the course.
Conclusion
The implementation of Dreyfus scale-based feedback helped instructors to create a good class climate in the cluster part of the clinical interviewing and PE skills course. Simultaneously, this new intervention achieved the goal of promoting medical students’ readiness for interviewing, PE, and self-directed learning.

The relationship of examinees’ individual characteristics and perceived acceptability of smart device-based testing to test scores on the practice test of the Korea Emergency Medicine Technician Licensing Examination: Eun Young Lim, Mi Kyoung Yim, Sun Huh; J Educ Eval Health Prof. 2018;15:33. Published online December 27, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3352/jeehp.2018.15.33

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239 Download
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Abstract PDF Supplementary Material

Purpose
Smart device-based testing (SBT) is being introduced into the Republic of Korea’s high-stakes examination system, starting with the Korean Emergency Medicine Technician Licensing Examination (KEMTLE) in December 2017. In order to minimize the effects of variation in examinees’ environment on test scores, this study aimed to identify any associations of variables related to examinees’ individual characteristics and their perceived acceptability of SBT with their SBT practice test scores.
Methods
Of the 569 candidate students who took the KEMTLE on September 12, 2015, 560 responded to a survey questionnaire on the acceptability of SBT after the examination. The questionnaire addressed 8 individual characteristics and contained 2 satisfaction, 9 convenience, and 9 preference items. A comparative analysis according to individual variables was performed. Furthermore, a generalized linear model (GLM) analysis was conducted to identify the effects of individual characteristics and perceived acceptability of SBT on test scores.
Results
Among those who preferred SBT over paper-and-pencil testing, test scores were higher for male participants (mean± standard deviation [SD], 4.36± 0.72) than for female participants (mean± SD, 4.21± 0.73). According to the GLM, no variables evaluated— including gender and experience with computer-based testing, SBT, or using a tablet PC—showed a statistically significant relationship with the total score, scores on multimedia items, or scores on text items.
Conclusion
Individual characteristics and perceived acceptability of SBT did not affect the SBT practice test scores of emergency medicine technician students in Korea. It should be possible to adopt SBT for the KEMTLE without interference from the variables examined in this study.

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