Journal of Educational Evaluation for Health Professions

Research articles

Comparison of virtual and in-person simulations for sepsis and trauma resuscitation training in Singapore: a randomized controlled trial: Matthew Jian Wen Low, Gene Wai Han Chan, Zisheng Li, Yiwen Koh, Chi Loong Jen, Zi Yao Lee, Lenard Tai Win Cheng; J Educ Eval Health Prof. 2024;21:33. Published online November 18, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3352/jeehp.2024.21.33

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Purpose
This study aimed to compare cognitive, non-cognitive, and overall learning outcomes for sepsis and trauma resuscitation skills in novices with virtual patient simulation (VPS) versus in-person simulation (IPS).
Methods
A randomized controlled trial was conducted on junior doctors in 1 emergency department from January to December 2022, comparing 70 minutes of VPS (n=19) versus IPS (n=21) in sepsis and trauma resuscitation. Using the nominal group technique, we created skills assessment checklists and determined Bloom’s taxonomy domains for each checklist item. Two blinded raters observed participants leading 1 sepsis and 1 trauma resuscitation simulation. Satisfaction was measured using the Student Satisfaction with Learning Scale (SSLS). The SSLS and checklist scores were analyzed using the Wilcoxon rank sum test and 2-tailed t-test respectively.
Results
For sepsis, there was no significant difference between VPS and IPS in overall scores (2.0; 95% confidence interval [CI], -1.4 to 5.4; Cohen’s d=0.38), as well as in items that were cognitive (1.1; 95% CI, -1.5 to 3.7) and not only cognitive (0.9; 95% CI, -0.4 to 2.2). Likewise, for trauma, there was no significant difference in overall scores (-0.9; 95% CI, -4.1 to 2.3; Cohen’s d=0.19), as well as in items that were cognitive (-0.3; 95% CI, -2.8 to 2.1) and not only cognitive (-0.6; 95% CI, -2.4 to 1.3). The median SSLS scores were lower with VPS than with IPS (-3.0; 95% CI, -1.0 to -5.0).
Conclusion
For novices, there were no major differences in overall and non-cognitive learning outcomes for sepsis and trauma resuscitation between VPS and IPS. Learners were more satisfied with IPS than with VPS (clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT05201950).

Citations

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Mapping educational scholarship in a mixed-financing health system: a scoping review of health professions education research in Singapore
May May Yeo, Aditee Narayan, Bernard C. Y. Tan, Melissa S. L. Ng, Hak Koon Tan, Deborah D. Navedo
BMC Medical Education.2026;[Epub] CrossRef

Effect of an interprofessional simulation program on patient safety competencies of healthcare professionals in Switzerland: a before and after study: Sylvain Boloré, Thomas Fassier, Nicolas Guirimand; J Educ Eval Health Prof. 2023;20:25. Published online August 28, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3352/jeehp.2023.20.25

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Abstract PDF Supplementary Material

Purpose
This study aimed to identify the effects of a 12-week interprofessional simulation program, operated between February 2020 and January 2021, on the patient safety competencies of healthcare professionals in Switzerland.
Methods
The simulation training was based on 2 scenarios of hospitalized patients with septic shock and respiratory failure, and trainees were expected to demonstrate patient safety competencies. A single-group before and after study was conducted after the intervention—simulation program, using a measurement tool (the Health Professional Education in Patient Safety Survey) to measure the perceived competencies of physicians, nurses, and nursing assistants. Out of 57 participants, 37 answered the questionnaire surveys 4 times: 48 hours before the training, followed by post-surveys at 24 hours, 6 weeks, and 12 weeks after the training. The linear mixed effect model was applied for the analysis.
Results
Four components out of 6 perceived patient safety competencies improved at 6 weeks but returned to a similar level before training at 12 weeks. Competencies of “communicating effectively,” “managing safety risks,” “understanding human and environmental factors that influence patient safety,” and “recognize and respond to remove immediate risks of harm” are statistically significant both overall and in the comparison between before the training and 6 weeks after the training.
Conclusion
Interprofessional simulation programs contributed to developing some areas of patient safety competencies of healthcare professionals, but only for a limited time. Interprofessional simulation programs should be repeated and combined with other forms of support, including case discussions and debriefings, to ensure lasting effects.

Citations

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Interprofessional education in healthcare settings: are healthcare professionals translating learning into practice? An integrated mixed methods systematic review
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Midwifery Students’ and Obstetricians’ Perception of Training in Non-Technical Skills
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Cenário de simulação realística sobre respostas não punitivas aos erros no Centro Cirúrgico
Francyne Sequeira Lopes Martins, Dionisia Oliveira of Oliveira, Cassiana Gil Prates, Kaihara Freitas Furtado, Rita Catalina Aquino Caregnato
Revista Gaúcha de Enfermagem.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Realistic simulation scenario on non-punitive responses to errors in the Surgical Center
Francyne Sequeira Lopes Martins, Dionisia Oliveira of Oliveira, Cassiana Gil Prates, Kaihara Freitas Furtado, Rita Catalina Aquino Caregnato
Revista Gaúcha de Enfermagem.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Interprofessional education interventions for healthcare professionals to improve patient safety: a scoping review
Yan Jiang, Yan Cai, Xue Zhang, Cong Wang
Medical Education Online.2024;[Epub] CrossRef

Content validity test of a safety checklist for simulated participants in simulation-based education in the United Kingdom: a methodological study: Matthew Bradley; J Educ Eval Health Prof. 2022;19:21. Published online August 25, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3352/jeehp.2022.19.21

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Abstract PDF Supplementary Material

Purpose
Simulation training is an ever-growing means of healthcare education and often involves simulated participants (SPs), commonly known as actors. Simulation-based education (SBE) can sometimes endanger SPs, and as such we have created a safety checklist for them to follow. This study describes how we developed the checklist through a quality improvement project, and then evaluated feedback responses to assess whether SPs felt our checklist was safe.
Methods
The checklist was provided to SPs working in an acute trust simulation service when delivering multidisciplinary SBE over 4 months. Using multiple plan–do–study–act cycles, the checklist was refined by reflecting on SP feedback to ensure that the standards of the safe simulation were met. We collected 21 responses from September to December 2021 after SPs completed an SBE event.
Results
The responses showed that 100% of SPs felt safe during SBE when using our checklist. The average “confidence in safety” rating before using the checklist was 6.8/10, which increased significantly to 9.2/10 after using the checklist (P<0.0005). The checklist was refined throughout the 4 months and implemented in adult and pediatric SBE as a standard operating procedure.
Conclusion
We recommend using our safety checklist as a standard operating procedure to improve the confidence and safety of SPs during safe and effective simulations.

Citations

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The effect of structured checklist-assisted multimedia interactive education on postoperative pain management and quality of life in patients with lower extremity varicose veins: a randomized controlled trial with 1-year follow-up
Jing Huang, Ling Li, Min Li, Li Ren, Yukui Ma, Huanrui Hu
Frontiers in Public Health.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
Addressing under-appreciated risk in healthcare simulation
Paul O’Connor, Angela O’Dea, Dara Byrne
Advances in Simulation.2026;[Epub] CrossRef

Educational/faculty development material

Innovative digital tools for new trends in teaching and assessment methods in medical and dental education: Jung-Chul Park, Hyuk-Jae Edward Kwon, Chul Woon Chung; J Educ Eval Health Prof. 2021;18:13. Published online June 29, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3352/jeehp.2021.18.13

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Abstract PDF Supplementary Material

With the goal of providing optimal care to patients, student-centered active learning and the development of clinical competency have become vital components of the education of future physicians capable of sustainably coping with future challenges. However, the shape of future medicine is dramatically changing based on advances in information and communication technology, and the current classroom model seems to have difficulties in fully preparing students for the future of medicine. New trends in teaching and assessment methods include computer-aided instruction, virtual patients, augmented reality, human patient simulations, and virtual reality for the assessment of students’ competency. The digital technologies introduced in medical and dental education include Google Forms to collect students’ answers, YouTube livestreaming, Google Art & Culture (an online art museum), and choose-your-own-adventure as a story-telling technique. Innovations in digital technology will lead the way toward a revolution in medical and dental education, allowing learning to be individualized, interactive, and efficient.

Citations

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Merve Haberal, Dilek Hançerlioğulları
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Métodos de evaluación de competencias clínicas en Internados Médicos: revisión de alcance de prácticas actuales y tendencias emergentes.
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Pakistan Journal of Health Sciences.2025; : 132. CrossRef
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International Journal of Nursing Sciences.2025; 12(5): 485. CrossRef
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Integrated Science Education Journal.2025; 6(3): 185. CrossRef
Social media integration in medical training: behavioral impact of short-form video creation as an active learning tool
Lourdes De la Peña-Fernández, Irene Zapata-Martínez
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Web-Based Augmented Reality vs. Interactive Presentation for Learning Caries Detection: A Randomized Study on Student Motivation
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Research article

Comparison of the effects of simulated patient clinical skill training and student roleplay on objective structured clinical examination performance among medical students in Australia: Silas Taylor, Matthew Haywood, Boaz Shulruf; J Educ Eval Health Prof. 2019;16:3. Published online January 11, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3352/jeehp.2019.16.3

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Abstract PDF Supplementary Material

Purpose
Optimal methods for communication skills training (CST) are an active research area, but the effects of CST on communication performance in objective structured clinical examinations (OSCEs) has not been closely studied. Student roleplay (RP) for CST is common, although volunteer simulated patient (SP) CST is cost-effective and provides authentic interactions. We assessed whether our volunteer SP CST program improved OSCE performance compared to our previous RP strategy.
Methods
We performed a retrospective, quasi-experimental study of 2 second-year medical student cohorts’ OSCE data in Australia. The 2014 cohort received RP-only CST (N=182) while the 2016 cohort received SP-only CST (N=148). The t-test and analysis of variance were used to compare the total scores in 3 assessment domains: generic communication, clinical communication, and physical examination/procedural skills.
Results
The baseline characteristics of groups (scores on the Australian Tertiary Admission Rank, Undergraduate Medicine and Health Sciences Admission Test, and medicine program interviews) showed no significant differences between groups. For each domain, the SP-only CST group demonstrated superior OSCE outcomes, and the difference between cohorts was significant (P<0.01). The superiority of volunteer SP CST over student RP CST in terms of OSCE performance outcomes was found for generic communication, clinical communication, and physical examination/procedural skills.
Conclusion
The better performance of the SP cohort in physical examination/procedural skills might be explained by the requirement for patient compliance and cooperation, facilitated by good generic communication skills. We recommend a volunteer SP program as an effective and efficient way to improve CST among junior medical students.

Citations

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From Concept to Practice: Advancements in Standardized Patient Methodology
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African Journal of Primary Health Care & Family Medicine.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
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Application of objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) for the evaluation of Kampo medicine training
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The Use of Simulated Patients Is more Effective than Student Role Playing in Fostering Patient‐Centred Attitudes during Communication Skills Training: A Mixed Method Study
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Case report

Authenticity, acceptability, and feasibility of a hybrid gynecology station for the Papanicolaou test as part of a clinical skills examination in Korea: Ji-Hyun Seo, Younglim Oh, Sunju Im, Do-Kyong Kim, Hyun-Hee Kong, HyeRin Roh; J Educ Eval Health Prof. 2018;15:4. Published online February 13, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3352/jeehp.2018.15.4

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Abstract PDF Supplementary Material

Purpose
The objective of this study was to evaluate the authenticity, acceptability, and feasibility of a hybrid station that combined a standardized patient encounter and a simulated Papanicolaou test.
Methods
We introduced a hybrid station in the routine clinical skills examination (CSE) for 335 third-year medical students at 4 universities in Korea from December 1 to December 3, 2014. After the tests, we conducted an anonymous survey on the authenticity, acceptability, and feasibility of the hybrid station.
Results
A total of 334 medical students and 17 professors completed the survey. A majority of the students (71.6%) and professors (82.4%) agreed that the hybrid station was more authentic than the standard CSE. Over 60 percent of the students and professors responded that the station was acceptable for assessing the students’ competence. Most of the students (75.2%) and professors (82.4%) assessed the required tasks as being feasible after reading the instructions.
Conclusion
Our results showed that the hybrid CSE station was a highly authentic, acceptable, and feasible way to assess medical students’ performance.

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Research Article

Patient Simulation: A Literary Synthesis of Assessment Tools in Anesthesiology: Alice A. Edler, Ruth G. Fanning, Michael. I. Chen, Rebecca Claure, Dondee Almazan, Brain Struyk, Samuel C. Seiden; J Educ Eval Health Prof. 2009;6:3. Published online December 20, 2009; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3352/jeehp.2009.6.3

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Abstract PDF

High-fidelity patient simulation (HFPS) has been hypothesized as a modality for assessing competency of knowledge and skill in patient simulation, but uniform methods for HFPS performance assessment (PA) have not yet been completely achieved. Anesthesiology as a field founded the HFPS discipline and also leads in its PA. This project reviews the types, quality, and designated purpose of HFPS PA tools in anesthesiology. We used the systematic review method and systematically reviewed anesthesiology literature referenced in PubMed to assess the quality and reliability of available PA tools in HFPS. Of 412 articles identified, 50 met our inclusion criteria. Seventy seven percent of studies have been published since 2000; more recent studies demonstrated higher quality. Investigators reported a variety of test construction and validation methods. The most commonly reported test construction methods included ?占퐉odified Delphi Techniques??for item selection, reliability measurement using inter-rater agreement, and intra-class correlations between test items or subtests. Modern test theory, in particular generalizability theory, was used in nine (18%) of studies. Test score validity has been addressed in multiple investigations and shown a significant improvement in reporting accuracy. However the assessment of predicative has been low across the majority of studies. Usability and practicality of testing occasions and tools was only anecdotally reported. To more completely comply with the gold standards for PA design, both shared experience of experts and recognition of test construction standards, including reliability and validity measurements, instrument piloting, rater training, and explicit identification of the purpose and proposed use of the assessment tool, are required.

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