Reviews
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How to review and assess a systematic review and meta-analysis article: a methodological study (secondary publication)
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Seung-Kwon Myung
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J Educ Eval Health Prof. 2023;20:24. Published online August 27, 2023
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.3352/jeehp.2023.20.24
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Abstract
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Supplementary Material
- Systematic reviews and meta-analyses have become central in many research fields, particularly medicine. They offer the highest level of evidence in evidence-based medicine and support the development and revision of clinical practice guidelines, which offer recommendations for clinicians caring for patients with specific diseases and conditions. This review summarizes the concepts of systematic reviews and meta-analyses and provides guidance on reviewing and assessing such papers. A systematic review refers to a review of a research question that uses explicit and systematic methods to identify, select, and critically appraise relevant research. In contrast, a meta-analysis is a quantitative statistical analysis that combines individual results on the same research question to estimate the common or mean effect. Conducting a meta-analysis involves defining a research topic, selecting a study design, searching literature in electronic databases, selecting relevant studies, and conducting the analysis. One can assess the findings of a meta-analysis by interpreting a forest plot and a funnel plot and by examining heterogeneity. When reviewing systematic reviews and meta-analyses, several essential points must be considered, including the originality and significance of the work, the comprehensiveness of the database search, the selection of studies based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, subgroup analyses by various factors, and the interpretation of the results based on the levels of evidence. This review will provide readers with helpful guidance to help them read, understand, and evaluate these articles.
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Characteristics and 10 key components of interpersonal caring: a narrative review
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Susie Kim
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J Educ Eval Health Prof. 2022;19:17. Published online July 25, 2022
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.3352/jeehp.2022.19.17
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3,214
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1
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Abstract
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Supplementary Material
- This paper aims to help people understand better the lives of people who are mentally ill by describing the general concept of the Interpersonal Caring Theory (ICT) and deducing 10 key components of interpersonal caring. The literature review described the definition of interpersonal caring, and its assumptions and characteristics. Furthermore, the authors’ experience with patient care suggested the critical components of interpersonal caring, which is the compassion-based therapeutic actions/behaviors through the collaborative partnership developed between nurse and client. Essential characteristics of interpersonal caring include the following: person-to-person interaction between nurse and patient, genuine love and concern toward the person, conveying trust and hope, transcending space, time, and culture, holistic approach expressed through a comprehensive and dynamic mode of communication, helping the patient focus on their self-worth, and providing culturally relevant and sensitive nursing. Ten key components of interpersonal caring in ICT include noticing, participating, sharing, active listening, companioning, complimenting, comforting, hoping, forgiving, and accepting. Interpersonal caring results from the blended understanding of the empirical, aesthetic, ethical, and intuitive aspects of a given clinical situation, and a nexus of pre-conditions, content, feelings, and sense of self-worth/self-esteem.
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Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by

- Disparidades de salud en el mundo real de los pacientes con esclerosis múltiple
Roberto Rotta Escalante, Osvaldo Fustinoni, María Elisa Barone, José R. Elli, María del Carmen Martínez Perea
Neurología Argentina.2023; 15(1): 37. CrossRef
Educational/faculty development material
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Guidelines for the management of extravasation
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Jung Tae Kim
, Jeong Yun Park
, Hyun Jung Lee
, Young Ju Cheon
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J Educ Eval Health Prof. 2020;17:21. Published online August 10, 2020
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.3352/jeehp.2020.17.21
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20,105
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1,189
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30
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Abstract
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Supplementary Material
- The purpose of these practice guidelines is to offer and share strategies for preventing extravasation and measures for handling drugs known to cause tissue necrosis, which may occur even with the most skilled experts at intravenous (IV) injection. Herein, general knowledge about extravasation is first described, including its definition, incidence, risk factors, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, and extravasation injuries. Management of extravasation includes nursing intervention and thermal application. At the first sign of extravasation, nursing intervention with following steps is recommended: stop administration of IV fluids immediately, disconnect the IV tube from the cannula, aspirate any remaining drug from the cannula, administer drug-specific antidote, and notify the physician. Local thermal treatments are used to decrease the site reaction and absorption of the infiltrate. Local cooling (ice packs) aids in vasoconstriction, theoretically limiting the drug dispersion. Although clear benefit has not been demonstrated with thermal applications, it remains a standard supportive care. The recommended application schedule for both warm and cold applications is 15 to 20 minutes, every 4 hours, for 24 to 48 hours. For prevention of extravasation, health professionals should be familiar with the extravasation management standard guidelines. They should regularly check the extravasation kit, assess patients’ sensory changes, tingling or burning, and always pay attention to patients’ words. The medical team’s continuous education on extravasation is essential. With the practical use of these guidelines, it is expected to reduce the occurrence rate of extravasation and contribute to patient care improvement.
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Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by

- Nurses’ knowledge and experience related to short peripheral venous catheter extravasation
Selma Atay, Şengül Üzen Cura, Sevda Efil
The Journal of Vascular Access.2023; 24(4): 848. CrossRef - An updated narrative review on the management of the most common oncological and hematological emergencies
Ali Issani
Disease-a-Month.2023; 69(2): 101355. CrossRef - Peripheral venous extravasation injury
M.J. Billingham, R. Mittal
BJA Education.2023; 23(2): 42. CrossRef - Extravasation injuries in the intravenous therapy with drugs with properties vesicants and irritants in the veterinary medicine of small animals
Paolo Ruggero Errante
Journal of Dairy, Veterinary & Animal Research.2023; 12(1): 19. CrossRef - Sensing Technologies for Extravasation Detection: A Review
Ikue Hirata, Arianna Mazzotta, Pooyan Makvandi, Ilaria Cesini, Chiara Brioschi, Andrea Ferraris, Virgilio Mattoli
ACS Sensors.2023; 8(3): 1017. CrossRef - Skin Staining Following Intravenous Iron Extravasation in a Patient With Chronic Kidney Disease: A Case Report
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Canadian Journal of Kidney Health and Disease.2023; 10: 205435812311657. CrossRef - Extravasation of monoclonal antibodies commonly used in oncology: Classification, management and the role of the pharmacist
Tiene Bauters, Nele Clottens, María A Albert-Marí
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Yuuka Shibata, Takanori Taogoshi, Hiroaki Matsuo
Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin.2023; 46(6): 746. CrossRef - Radiopharmaceutical extravasation in bone scintigraphy: a cross-sectional study
Davide Fernandes, Márcia Santos, Miguel Pinheiro, Hugo Duarte, Filipa Fontes
Nuclear Medicine Communications.2023; 44(10): 870. CrossRef - Compartment Syndrome Secondary to Calcium Gluconate Extravasation
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Cureus.2023;[Epub] CrossRef - Profiles and Outcomes of Skin Injuries Caused by Injectable Drug Extravasation
Mika Maezawa, Misaki Inoue, Riko Satake, Wataru Wakabayashi, Keita Oura, Koumi Miyasaka, Sakiko Hirofuji, Fumiya Goto, Mari Iwata, Takaaki Suzuki, Hideyuki Tanaka, Megumi Horibe, Satoshi Nakao, Toshikazu Tsuji, Ichiro Ieiri, Kazuhiro Iguchi, Mitsuhiro Nak
Journal of Infusion Nursing.2023; 46(5): 281. CrossRef - Tissue Necrosis Following Extravasation of Human Immunoglobulin in an Infant
Yu Jing, Wanyu Jia, Peng Li, Chunlan Song
Clinical Pediatrics.2023;[Epub] CrossRef - Extravasation of Non-Cytotoxic Drugs in Older People
T’yanna Montague, Salome Bwayo Weaver, La’Marcus T. Wingate
The Senior Care Pharmacist.2023; 38(11): 457. CrossRef - A temperature-responsive intravenous needle that irreversibly softens on insertion
Karen-Christian Agno, Keungmo Yang, Sang-Hyuk Byun, Subin Oh, Simok Lee, Heesoo Kim, Kyurae Kim, Sungwoo Cho, Won-Il Jeong, Jae-Woong Jeong
Nature Biomedical Engineering.2023;[Epub] CrossRef - Effect of Pharmacoprophylaxis on Postoperative Outcomes in Adult Elective Colorectal Surgery: A Multi-Center Retrospective Cohort Study within an Enhanced Recovery after Surgery Framework
William Olin Blair, Mary Allison Ellis, Maria Fada, Austin Allen Wiggins, Rachel C. Wolfe, Gourang P. Patel, Kara K. Brockhaus, Molly Droege, Laura M. Ebbitt, Brian Kramer, Eric Likar, Kerilyn Petrucci, Sapna Shah, Jerusha Taylor, Paula Bingham, Samuel Kr
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Insights on the Depression and Anxiety.2022; 6(1): 018. CrossRef - Intervenção de enfermagem perante o extravasamento de citostáticos - um contributo na prevenção da queimadura química
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Mersin Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi.2022; 15(3): 465. CrossRef - SOP Einteilung und Therapie von Paravasaten
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Frauenheilkunde up2date.2021; 15(02): 107. CrossRef - Tissue distribution of epirubicin after severe extravasation in humans
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Clinical Journal of Oncology Nursing.2021; 25(6): 680. CrossRef - Drug Extravasation in a Large General Hospital in Hunan, China: A Retrospective Survey
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Research article
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Development of a self-assessment tool for resident doctors’ communication skills in India
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Upendra Baitha
, Piyush Ranjan
, Siddharth Sarkar
, Charu Arora
, Archana Kumari
, Sada Nand Dwivedi
, Asmita Patil
, Nayer Jamshed
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J Educ Eval Health Prof. 2019;16:17. Published online June 24, 2019
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.3352/jeehp.2019.16.17
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13,762
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245
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7
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Abstract
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Supplementary Material
- Purpose
Effective communication skills are essential for resident doctors to provide optimum patient care. This study was conducted to develop and validate a questionnaire for the self-assessment of resident doctors’ communication skills in India.
Methods
This was a mixed-methods study conducted in 2 phases. The first phase consisted of questionnaire development, including the identification of relevant literature, focus group discussions with residents and experts from clinical specialties, and pre-testing of the questionnaire. The second phase involved administering the questionnaire survey to 95 residents from the Departments of Medicine, Emergency Medicine, Pediatrics, and Surgery at the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India in April 2019. Internal consistency was tested and the factor structure was analyzed to test construct validity.
Results
The questionnaire consisted of 3 sections: (A) 4 items on doctor-patient conflicts and the role of communication skills in avoiding these conflicts, (B) 29 items on self-assessment of communication skills in different settings, and (C) 8 items on barriers to practicing good communication skills. Sections B and C had good internal consistency (Cronbach α: 0.885 and 0.771, respectively). Section C had a 2-factor solution, and the barriers were classified as ‘training’ and ‘infrastructure’ factors.
Conclusion
This appears to be a valid assessment tool of resident doctors’ communication skills, with potential utility for identifying gaps in communication skills and developing communication skills modules.
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Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by

- Leveraging the vantage point – exploring nurses’ perception of residents’ communication skills: a mixed-methods study
Komal Abdul Rahim, Maryam Pyar Ali Lakhdir, Noreen Afzal, Asma Altaf Hussain Merchant, Namra Qadeer Shaikh, Ali Aahil Noorali, Umar Tariq, Rida Ahmad, Saqib Kamran Bakhshi, Saad bin Zafar Mahmood, Muhammad Rizwan Khan, Muhammed Tariq, Adil H. Haider
BMC Medical Education.2023;[Epub] CrossRef - Developing a communication-skills training curriculum for resident-physicians to enhance patient outcomes at an academic medical centre: an ongoing mixed-methods study protocol
Hamna Shahbaz, Ali Aahil Noorali, Maha Inam, Namra Qadeer, Asma Altaf Hussain Merchant, Adnan Ali Khan, Noreen Afzal, Komal Abdul Rahim, Ibrahim Munaf, Rida Ahmad, Muhammad Tariq, Adil H Haider
BMJ Open.2022; 12(8): e056840. CrossRef - A cross-sectional evaluation of communication skills and perceived barriers among the resident doctors at a tertiary care center in India
Amandeep Singh, Piyush Ranjan, Archana Kumari, Siddharth Sarkar, Tanveer Kaur, Ramesh Aggarwal, AshishDatt Upadhyay, Biswaroop Chakrawarty, Jamshed Nayer, Mohit Joshi, Avinash Chakrawarty
Journal of Education and Health Promotion.2022; 11(1): 425. CrossRef - Development and validation of a questionnaire to assess preventive practices against COVID-19 pandemic in the general population
Ayush Agarwal, Piyush Ranjan, Priyanka Rohilla, Yellamraju Saikaustubh, Anamika Sahu, Sada Nand Dwivedi, Aakansha, Upendra Baitha, Arvind Kumar
Preventive Medicine Reports.2021; 22: 101339. CrossRef - Development and Validation of a Comprehensive Questionnaire to Assess Interpersonal Discord (Bullying, Harassment, and Discrimination) at the Workplace in a Healthcare Setting
Amandeep Singh, Piyush Ranjan, Tanveer Kaur, Siddharth Sarkar, Ashish D Upadhyay, Upendra Baitha, Prayas Sethi, Ranveer S Jadon, Pankaj Jorwal
Cureus.2021;[Epub] CrossRef - Development and Validation of a Questionnaire to Evaluate Workplace Violence in Healthcare Settings
Archana Kumari, Amandeep Singh, Piyush Ranjan, Siddharth Sarkar, Tanveer Kaur, Ashish D Upadhyay, Kirti Verma, Vignan Kappagantu, Ajay Mohan, Upendra Baitha
Cureus.2021;[Epub] CrossRef - The value of communicating with patients in their first language
Piyush Ranjan, Archana Kumari, Charu Arora
Expert Review of Pharmacoeconomics & Outcomes Research.2020; 20(6): 559. CrossRef