Research article
-
Enhancement of the technical and non-technical skills of nurse anesthesia students using the Anesthetic List Management Assessment Tool in Iran: a quasi-experimental study
-
Ali Khalafi
, Maedeh Kordnejad
, Vahid Saidkhani
-
J Educ Eval Health Prof. 2023;20:19. Published online June 16, 2023
-
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3352/jeehp.2023.20.19
-
-
4,497
View
-
132
Download
-
1
Web of Science
-
1
Crossref
-
Abstract
PDF
Supplementary Material
- Purpose
This study investigated the effect of evaluations based on the Anesthetic List Management Assessment Tool (ALMAT) form on improving the technical and non-technical skills of final-year nurse anesthesia students at Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences (AJUMS).
Methods
This was a semi-experimental study with a pre-test and post-test design. It included 45 final-year nurse anesthesia students of AJUMS and lasted for 3 months. The technical and non-technical skills of the intervention group were assessed at 4 university hospitals using formative-feedback evaluation based on the ALMAT form, from induction of anesthesia until reaching mastery and independence. Finally, the students’ degree of improvement in technical and non-technical skills was compared between the intervention and control groups. Statistical tests (the independent t-test, paired t-test, and Mann-Whitney test) were used to analyze the data.
Results
The rate of improvement in post-test scores of technical skills was significantly higher in the intervention group than in the control group (P˂0.0001). Similarly, the students in the intervention group received significantly higher post-test scores for non-technical skills than the students in the control group (P˂0.0001).
Conclusion
The findings of this study showed that the use of ALMAT as a formative-feedback evaluation method to evaluate technical and non-technical skills had a significant effect on improving these skills and was effective in helping students learn and reach mastery and independence.
-
Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by

- Anesthesi̇a students’ behavi̇ors towards a medi̇cal errors: a phenomenologi̇cal quali̇tati̇ve scenari̇o study
Havva Karadeni̇z, Hatun Erkuran
BMC Anesthesiology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Educational/Faculty development material
-
Common models and approaches for the clinical educator to plan effective feedback encounters
-
Cesar Orsini
, Veena Rodrigues
, Jorge Tricio
, Margarita Rosel
-
J Educ Eval Health Prof. 2022;19:35. Published online December 19, 2022
-
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3352/jeehp.2022.19.35
-
-
26,915
View
-
2,114
Download
-
28
Web of Science
-
34
Crossref
-
Abstract
PDF
Supplementary Material
- Giving constructive feedback is crucial for learners to bridge the gap between their current performance and the desired standards of competence. Giving effective feedback is a skill that can be learned, practiced, and improved. Therefore, our aim was to explore models in clinical settings and assess their transferability to different clinical feedback encounters. We identified the 6 most common and accepted feedback models, including the Feedback Sandwich, the Pendleton Rules, the One-Minute Preceptor, the SET-GO model, the R2C2 (Rapport/Reaction/Content/Coach), and the ALOBA (Agenda Led Outcome-based Analysis) model. We present a handy resource describing their structure, strengths and weaknesses, requirements for educators and learners, and suitable feedback encounters for use for each model. These feedback models represent practical frameworks for educators to adopt but also to adapt to their preferred style, combining and modifying them if necessary to suit their needs and context.
-
Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by

- Development and validation of OSATS tool for formative assessment of dental students' endodontic access cavity opening skills
Juzer Shabbir, Qamar Riaz, Shanila Sohail
International Endodontic Journal.2026; 59(6): 1070. CrossRef - Beyond Frameworks: An Interpretive Description of Engaging in Debriefer Feedback Conversations
Heather C. Epp, Amanda G. Egert, Jasica K. Munday, Joyce C.S. Law, Ho-Sup (Robert) Kim
Simulation in Healthcare: The Journal of the Society for Simulation in Healthcare.2026; 21(2): 75. CrossRef - The purpose and use of objective structured teaching encounters (OSTE) in faculty development programmes: AMEE Guide No. 188
Salome Voronovi, Da-Ya Yang, David CM Taylor
Medical Teacher.2026; 48(5): 743. CrossRef - 10 tips for clinical educators in designing and delivering learning experiences to improve clinical reasoning for medical students.
Kelvin Le, Charlotte Deng, Khang Duy Ricky Le
MedEdPublish.2026; 15: 272. CrossRef - Determinants of effective feedback on educational performance of faculty members based on their own experiences: a content analysis study
Gelavizh karimijavan, Mahasti Alizadeh, Fatemeh Ranjbar, Saeideh Ghaffarifar, Salah Eddin Karimi
BMC Medical Education.2026;[Epub] CrossRef - Effect of traditional teaching and sandwich combination in clinical teaching of granulomatous mastitis
Lanying Li, Wen Yang, Haiming Jia
Medicine.2026; 105(10): e47762. CrossRef - Learning by doing: Simulations-Rollenspiele in der Ausbildung von Ethikberater*innen im Gesundheitswesen
Timo Sauer, Carola Seifart
Ethik in der Medizin.2026; 38(1): 67. CrossRef - Evaluating Verbal Feedback in Medical Education: Utilization of a Feedback Model to Develop a Standardized Rubric for Evaluation
Madeline F. E. Parr, Pratichi Goenka, Shahidul Islam, Alice Fornari, Adrita Khan
Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice.2026;[Epub] CrossRef - Delivery of Effective Feedback in Surgery Education: A Goal of Best Practices in Faculty Development Platforms
Eric R Carlson, LD Britt
Journal of the American College of Surgeons.2026; 242(6): 1710. CrossRef - Evaluation of a Professionalism and Ethics OSCE (PESCE) to Navigate Ethically Challenging Situations
Peter Carter, Olivia Benson
The Clinical Teacher.2026;[Epub] CrossRef - Feedback in Medical Education—Its Importance and How to Do It
Tarik Babar, Omer A. Awan
Academic Radiology.2025; 32(2): 1152. CrossRef - Could the R2C2 Feedback and Coaching Model Enhance Feedback Literacy Behaviors: A Qualitative Study Exploring Learner-Preceptor Feedback Conversations
Subha Ramani, Heather Armson, Tessa Hanmore, Rachelle Lee-Krueger, Karen D. Könings, Amanda Roze des Ordons, Marygrace Zetkulic, Joan Sargeant, Jocelyn M. Lockyer
Perspectives on Medical Education.2025;[Epub] CrossRef - Using Real‐Time Power BI Formative Feedback to Improve Nurse Anesthesia Students' Clinical Competence: An Educational Intervention
Ali Khalafi, Sajjad Choopani, Nooshin Sarvi‐Sarmeydani, Elham Maraghi
Health Science Reports.2025;[Epub] CrossRef - Informal learning of ICU new graduate registered nurses: An interpretive phenomenological analysis
Changying Liu, Ying Yang, Qing Zhang, Yan Ma
Nurse Education Today.2025; 147: 106588. CrossRef - How Should Teachers Teach?
Kinan Sawar, Kevin C. Chung
Hand Clinics.2025; 41(2): 255. CrossRef - Novel, multimodal, simulation practice with evolving case scenario for teaching familial communications in undergraduate medical training
Isaac K. S. Ng, Wilson G. W. Goh, Li Feng Tan, Desmond B. Teo, Ann Toh, Nicola Ngiam
Medical Teacher.2025; 47(11): 1742. CrossRef - A Influência do Feedback Formativo no Desenvolvimento da Autorregulação da Aprendizagem na Formação Médica
Helayni Cristina de Oliveira da Cunha Hartuique, Caroline Lima Garcia, Ather Barbosa Figueiredo, Valdo Souza Araújo, Mariana de Araújo Rocha, Lygia Miranda de Carvalho, Gisele da Silva Pereira Gusso, Higson Rodrigues Coelho
Saúde Coletiva (Barueri).2025; 15(94): 15399. CrossRef - The impact of a preprescribing formative assessment on learning in final‐year medical students using hospital inpatient electronic prescribing systems
Kellie A. Charles, Lorna Pairman, Emily Moon, Daniel Wong, John Quayle, Tim J. Wilkinson, Matthew Doogue, Paul Chin
British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef - Mentorship and Coaching
Stacey L. Ishman, Carrie L. Francis
Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America.2025; 58(6): 1063. CrossRef - A narrative review of preceptor roles and models of precepting in pharmacy practice experiential learning: a UAE perspective
Rizah Anwar Assadi, Semira Beshir, Aliasgar Shahiwala, Mirza Baig
International Journal of Pharmacy Practice.2025; 33(6): 545. CrossRef - Feedback Framework in Psychiatry Residency Training: A Cross-sectional Survey Amongst Psychiatry Post-graduate Residents of India
Naresh Nebhinani, Kartik Singhai, Harmanpreet Kaur, Arun Mohanram, Bheemsain Tekkalaki, Kishor M
Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine.2025;[Epub] CrossRef - Student Preferences for Feedback Delivery in Healthcare Education: A Cross-Sectional Survey
Pei Nee Wong, Pei Se Wong
Cureus.2025;[Epub] CrossRef - Learning with Peers in Higher Education: Exploring Strengths and Weaknesses of Formative Assessment
Davide Parmigiani, Elisabetta Nicchia, Myrna Pario, Emiliana Murgia, Slaviša Radović, Marcea Ingersoll
Trends in Higher Education.2025; 4(3): 48. CrossRef - The impact of structured assessment attempts and instructor feedback on clinical competency development in dental assistant training
Ranya F. Elemam, Heba M. Abdelaal
BMC Medical Education.2025;[Epub] CrossRef - Formative assessment and feedback in medical education: A practical guide: AMEE Guide No. 189
Anastasiya A. Lipnevich, Krista Mattern, Christopher Feddock
Medical Teacher.2025; : 1. CrossRef - 10 tips for clinical educators in designing and delivering learning experiences to improve clinical reasoning for medical students.
Kelvin Le, Charlotte Deng, Khang Duy Ricky Le
MedEdPublish.2025; 15: 272. CrossRef - Constructive Conversations: Mastering the Exchange of Feedback
Kellie L. Mathis
Clinics in Colon and Rectal Surgery.2025;[Epub] CrossRef - The power of metaphor in medical education: fostering shared understanding in complex conversations
Aaron Johnston, Sandra Andrawis, Grace Perez, Veronique Ram, Samuel Ogbeide
Frontiers in Medicine.2025;[Epub] CrossRef - 10 tips for clinical educators in designing and delivering learning experiences to improve clinical reasoning for medical students.
Kelvin Le, Charlotte Deng, Khang Duy Ricky Le
MedEdPublish.2025; 15: 272. CrossRef - Navigating power dynamics between pharmacy preceptors and learners
Shane Tolleson, Mabel Truong, Natalie Rosario
Exploratory Research in Clinical and Social Pharmacy.2024; 13: 100408. CrossRef - Comparison of the effects of apprenticeship training by sandwich feedback and traditional methods on final-semester operating room technology students’ perioperative competence and performance: a randomized, controlled trial
Azam Hosseinpour, Morteza Nasiri, Fatemeh Keshmiri, Tayebeh Arabzadeh, Hossein Sharafi
BMC Medical Education.2024;[Epub] CrossRef - Evaluating the Quality of Narrative Feedback for Entrustable Professional Activities in a Surgery Residency Program
Rosephine Del Fernandes, Ingrid de Vries, Laura McEwen, Steve Mann, Timothy Phillips, Boris Zevin
Annals of Surgery.2024; 280(6): 916. CrossRef - Faculty development for supervisors of medical student rural attachments in Zimbabwe
Fiona Makoni, Zandile Mafi, Sunanda Ray
African Journal of Primary Health Care & Family Medicine.2024;[Epub] CrossRef - Feedback conversations: First things first?
Katharine A. Robb, Marcy E. Rosenbaum, Lauren Peters, Susan Lenoch, Donna Lancianese, Jane L. Miller
Patient Education and Counseling.2023; 115: 107849. CrossRef
Case report
-
Formative feedback from the first-person perspective using Google Glass in a family medicine objective structured clinical examination station in the United States
-
Julie Youm
, Warren Wiechmann
-
J Educ Eval Health Prof. 2018;15:5. Published online March 7, 2018
-
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3352/jeehp.2018.15.5
-
-
38,073
View
-
352
Download
-
4
Web of Science
-
1
Crossref
-
Abstract
PDF
Supplementary Material
- Purpose
This case study explored the use of Google Glass in a clinical examination scenario to capture the first-person perspective of a standardized patient as a way to provide formative feedback on students’ communication and empathy skills ‘through the patient’s eyes.’
Methods
During a 3-year period between 2014 and 2017, third-year students enrolled in a family medicine clerkship participated in a Google Glass station during a summative clinical examination. At this station, standardized patients wore Google Glass to record an encounter focused on communication and empathy skills ‘through the patient’s eyes.’ Students completed an online survey using a 4-point Likert scale about their perspectives on Google Glass as a feedback tool (N= 255).
Results
We found that the students’ experiences with Google Glass ‘through the patient’s eyes’ were largely positive and that students felt the feedback provided by the Google Glass recording to be helpful. Although a third of the students felt that Google Glass was a distraction, the majority believed that the first-person perspective recordings provided an opportunity for feedback that did not exist before.
Conclusion
Continuing exploration of first-person perspective recordings using Google Glass to improve education on communication and empathy skills is warranted.
-
Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by

- Evaluating communication and clinical skills in objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) using a low-cost neck-mounted device, insights from a first-person perspective
Yu-Ching Liu, I-Ching Liao, Ching-Yi Wu, Chung-Han Ho, Chih-Hao Lu, Kuan-Liang Chen, Chao-An Chen
Journal of Dental Sciences.2025; 20(4): 2436. CrossRef