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Research article
Academic and psychological determinants of drug‑calculation competence among nursing students in Palestine: a cross-sectional study
Ramzi Shawahna
J Educ Eval Health Prof. 2025;22:39.   Published online December 29, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3352/jeehp.2025.22.39
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  • 114 Download
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary Material
Purpose
This study aimed to assess the drug-calculation skills of Palestinian nursing students and to identify academic and psychological factors influencing their performance.
Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted among 562 nursing students in their third and fourth academic years across multiple accredited nursing schools. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire that included demographic and academic variables, prior training in drug calculations, self-rated knowledge and confidence, the Abbreviated Math Anxiety Scale, the General Self-Efficacy Scale, and 15 scenario-based drug-calculation items.
Results
The mean drug-calculation score was 79.8%±11.0% (95% confidence interval, 78.9–80.7). Female students achieved significantly higher scores than male students (B=2.20, standard error [SE]=0.24, P<0.001). Grade point average was strongly associated with performance (B=7.19, SE=0.19, P<0.001). Self-rated mathematical ability emerged as the most influential predictor (B=5.87, SE=0.08, P<0.001). Prior exposure to dedicated training in drug calculations contributed positively to performance (B=4.58, SE=0.23, P<0.001), as did self-rated confidence in drug preparation (B=1.99, SE=0.10, P<0.001). Math anxiety was inversely associated with performance (B=−0.36, SE=0.03, P<0.001), whereas general self-efficacy showed a positive association (B=0.94, SE=0.03, P<0.001).
Conclusion
Drug-calculation competence among Palestinian nursing students is shaped by academic achievement, training, confidence, math anxiety, and self-efficacy. Curricular strategies that integrate structured training, reduce math anxiety, and foster self-efficacy are essential for preparing nurses to administer medications safely.
Technical report
Feasibility of applying computerized adaptive testing to the Clinical Medical Science Comprehensive Examination in Korea: a psychometric study  
Jeongwook Choi, Sung-Soo Jung, Eun Kwang Choi, Kyung Sik Kim, Dong Gi Seo
J Educ Eval Health Prof. 2025;22:29.   Published online October 1, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3352/jeehp.2025.22.29
  • 1,291 View
  • 187 Download
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary Material
Purpose
This study aimed to investigate the feasibility of transitioning the Clinical Medical Science Comprehensive Examination (CMSCE) to computerized adaptive testing (CAT) in Korea, thereby providing greater opportunities for medical students to accurately compare their clinical competencies with peers nationwide and to monitor their own progress.
Methods
A medical self-assessment using CAT was conducted from March to June 2023, involving 1,541 medical students who volunteered from 40 medical colleges in Korea. An item bank consisting of 1,145 items from previously administered CMSCE examinations (2019–2021) hosted by the Medical Education Assessment Corporation was established. Items were selected through 2-stage filtering, based on classical test theory (discrimination index above 0.15) and item response theory (discrimination parameter estimates above 0.6 and difficulty parameter estimates between –5 and +5). Maximum Fisher information was employed as the item selection method, and maximum likelihood estimation was used for ability estimation.
Results
The CAT was successfully administered without significant issues. The stopping rule was set at a standard error of measurement of 0.25, with a maximum of 50 items for ability estimation. The mean ability score was 0.55, with an average of 28 items administered per student. Students at extreme ability levels reached the maximum of 50 items due to the limited availability of items at appropriate difficulty levels.
Conclusion
The medical self-assessment CAT, the first of its kind in Korea, was successfully implemented nationwide without significant problems. These results indicate strong potential for expanding the use of CAT in medical education assessments.
Research articles
Correlation between task-based checklists and global rating scores in undergraduate objective structured clinical examinations in Saudi Arabia: a 1-year comparative study  
Uzma Khan, Yasir Naseem Khan
J Educ Eval Health Prof. 2025;22:19.   Published online June 19, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3352/jeehp.2025.22.19
  • 4,508 View
  • 255 Download
  • 1 Web of Science
  • 2 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary Material
Purpose
This study investigated the correlation between task-based checklist scores and global rating scores (GRS) in objective structured clinical examinations (OSCEs) for fourth-year undergraduate medical students and aimed to determine whether both methods can be reliably used in a standard setting.
Methods
A comparative observational study was conducted at Al Rayan College of Medicine, Saudi Arabia, involving 93 fourth-year students during the 2023–2024 academic year. OSCEs from 2 General Practice courses were analyzed, each comprising 10 stations assessing clinical competencies. Students were scored using both task-specific checklists and holistic 5-point GRS. Reliability was evaluated using Cronbach’s α, and the relationship between the 2 scoring methods was assessed using the coefficient of determination (R2). Ethical approval and informed consent were obtained.
Results
The mean OSCE score was 76.7 in Course 1 (Cronbach’s α=0.85) and 73.0 in Course 2 (Cronbach’s α=0.81). R2 values varied by station and competency. Strong correlations were observed in procedural and management skills (R2 up to 0.87), while weaker correlations appeared in history-taking stations (R2 as low as 0.35). The variability across stations highlighted the context-dependence of alignment between checklist and GRS methods.
Conclusion
Both checklists and GRS exhibit reliable psychometric properties. Their combined use improves validity in OSCE scoring, but station-specific application is recommended. Checklists may anchor pass/fail decisions, while GRS may assist in assessing borderline performance. This hybrid model increases fairness and reflects clinical authenticity in competency-based assessment.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • The effectiveness of the “Early clinical exposure” course based on narrative medicine in cultivating the professional qualities of undergraduates in clinical medicine: a mixed-methods study
    Zhao Li, Huijuan Cai, Xiaolin Yang, Jingsong Lin, Wenhua Cao, Peng Zhang, Jing Ren, Dayong Zheng
    BMC Medical Education.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Agreement and reliability of global rating versus checklist scores in a high-stakes undergraduate OSCE in Rwanda
    Olayinka Rasheed Ibrahim, Natalie McCall, Abebe Bekele, Biniam Ewnte Zelelew, Oluwaseun Ojomo, Anteneh Gadisa Belachew, Equlinet Misganaw Amare, Zelalem Mengistu Gashaw, Birhanu Abera Ayana, Ariane Nina Ndayikeje
    BMC Medical Education.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
The effect of strengthening nurse practitioners’ competency in occupational health services for agricultural workers exposed to pesticides in primary care units, Thailand: a before-and-after study  
Napamon Pumsopa, Ann Jirapongsuwan, Surintorn Kalampakorn, Sukhontha Siri
J Educ Eval Health Prof. 2025;22:14.   Published online April 21, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3352/jeehp.2025.22.14
  • 3,669 View
  • 356 Download
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary Material
Purpose
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the Strengthening Nurse Practitioners’ Competency in Occupational Health Service (SNPCOHS) program. It was hypothesized that nurse practitioners (NPs) participating in the program would demonstrate increased competency in providing occupational health services to agricultural workers exposed to pesticides in primary care units (PCUs) compared to their baseline competency and to a comparison group.
Methods
A quasi-experimental study was conducted between August and December 2023. The 4-week intervention included 5 hours of an e-learning program, 3 hours of online discussion, and 2 hours dedicated to completing an assignment. The program was evaluated at 3 time points: pre-intervention, post-intervention (week 4), and follow-up (week 8). Sixty NPs volunteered to participate, with 30 in the experimental group and 30 in the comparison group. Data on demographics, professional attributes, knowledge, skills, and perceived self-efficacy were collected using self-administered questionnaires via Google Forms. Data analysis involved descriptive statistics, independent t-tests, and repeated measures analysis of variance.
Results
The experimental group demonstrated significantly higher mean scores in professional attributes, knowledge, skills, and perceived self-efficacy in providing occupational health services to agricultural workers exposed to pesticides compared to the comparison group at both week 4 and week 8 post-intervention.
Conclusion
The SNPCOHS program is well-suited for self-directed learning for nurses in PCUs, supporting effective occupational health service delivery. It should be disseminated and supported as an e-learning resource for NPs in PCUs (Thai Clinical Trials Registry: TCTR20250115004).
A nationwide survey on the curriculum and educational resources related to the Clinical Skills Test of the Korean Medical Licensing Examination: a cross-sectional descriptive study  
Eun-Kyung Chung, Seok Hoon Kang, Do-Hoon Kim, MinJeong Kim, Ji-Hyun Seo, Keunmi Lee, Eui-Ryoung Han
J Educ Eval Health Prof. 2025;22:11.   Published online March 13, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3352/jeehp.2025.22.11
  • 5,615 View
  • 334 Download
  • 1 Web of Science
  • 1 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary Material
Purpose
The revised Clinical Skills Test (CST) of the Korean Medical Licensing Exam aims to provide a better assessment of physicians’ clinical competence and ability to interact with patients. This study examined the impact of the revised CST on medical education curricula and resources nationwide, while also identifying areas for improvement within the revised CST.
Methods
This study surveyed faculty responsible for clinical clerkships at 40 medical schools throughout Korea to evaluate the status and changes in clinical skills education, assessment, and resources related to the CST. The researchers distributed the survey via email through regional consortia between December 7, 2023 and January 19, 2024.
Results
Nearly all schools implemented preliminary student–patient encounters during core clinical rotations. Schools primarily conducted clinical skills assessments in the third and fourth years, with a simplified form introduced in the first and second years. Remedial education was conducted through various methods, including one-on-one feedback from faculty after the assessment. All schools established clinical skills centers and made ongoing improvements. Faculty members did not perceive the CST revisions as significantly altering clinical clerkship or skills assessments. They suggested several improvements, including assessing patient records to improve accuracy and increasing the objectivity of standardized patient assessments to ensure fairness.
Conclusion
During the CST, students’ involvement in patient encounters and clinical skills education increased, improving the assessment and feedback processes for clinical skills within the curriculum. To enhance students’ clinical competencies and readiness, strengthening the validity and reliability of the CST is essential.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Nationwide cross-sectional survey on the necessity of including a clinical skills assessment in the national licensure examination for Doctors of Korean Medicine
    Aram Jeong, Eunbyul Cho, Chan-Young Kwon, Sanghoon Lee, Chungsik Cho, Sangwoo Shin, Min Hwangbo, Dong-Hyeon Kim, Hye-Yoon Lee
    Medicine.2025; 104(45): e45366.     CrossRef
Revised evaluation objectives of the Korean Dentist Clinical Skill Test: a survey study and focus group interviews  
Jae-Hoon Kim, Young J Kim, Deuk-Sang Ma, Se-Hee Park, Ahran Pae, June-Sung Shim, Il-Hyung Yang, Ui-Won Jung, Byung-Joon Choi, Yang-Hyun Chun
J Educ Eval Health Prof. 2024;21:11.   Published online May 30, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3352/jeehp.2024.21.11
  • 3,981 View
  • 265 Download
  • 1 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary Material
Purpose
This study aimed to propose a revision of the evaluation objectives of the Korean Dentist Clinical Skill Test by analyzing the opinions of those involved in the examination after a review of those objectives.
Methods
The clinical skill test objectives were reviewed based on the national-level dental practitioner competencies, dental school educational competencies, and the third dental practitioner job analysis. Current and former examinees were surveyed about their perceptions of the evaluation objectives. The validity of 22 evaluation objectives and overlapping perceptions based on area of specialty were surveyed on a 5-point Likert scale by professors who participated in the clinical skill test and dental school faculty members. Additionally, focus group interviews were conducted with experts on the examination.
Results
It was necessary to consider including competency assessments for “emergency rescue skills” and “planning and performing prosthetic treatment.” There were no significant differences between current and former examinees in their perceptions of the clinical skill test’s objectives. The professors who participated in the examination and dental school faculty members recognized that most of the objectives were valid. However, some responses stated that “oromaxillofacial cranial nerve examination,” “temporomandibular disorder palpation test,” and “space management for primary and mixed dentition” were unfeasible evaluation objectives and overlapped with dental specialty areas.
Conclusion
When revising the Korean Dentist Clinical Skill Test’s objectives, it is advisable to consider incorporating competency assessments related to “emergency rescue skills” and “planning and performing prosthetic treatment.”

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Establishment of a tooth preparation competency cohort at Dankook University Dental School
    Hojin Moon
    Journal of Korean Dental Association.2025; 63(2): 42.     CrossRef
Implementation strategy for introducing a clinical skills examination to the Korean Oriental Medicine Licensing Examination: a mixed-method modified Delphi study  
Chan-Young Kwon, Sanghoon Lee, Min Hwangbo, Chungsik Cho, Sangwoo Shin, Dong-Hyeon Kim, Aram Jeong, Hye-Yoon Lee
J Educ Eval Health Prof. 2023;20:23.   Published online July 17, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3352/jeehp.2023.20.23
  • 4,724 View
  • 180 Download
  • 1 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary Material
Purpose
This study investigated the validity of introducing a clinical skills examination (CSE) to the Korean Oriental Medicine Licensing Examination through a mixed-method modified Delphi study.
Methods
A 3-round Delphi study was conducted between September and November 2022. The expert panel comprised 21 oriental medicine education experts who were officially recommended by relevant institutions and organizations. The questionnaires included potential content for the CSE and a detailed implementation strategy. Subcommittees were formed to discuss concerns around the introduction of the CSE, which were collected as open-ended questions. In this study, a 66.7% or greater agreement rate was defined as achieving a consensus.
Results
The expert panel’s evaluation of the proposed clinical presentations and basic clinical skills suggested their priorities. Of the 10 items investigated for building a detailed implementation strategy for the introduction of the CSE to the Korean Oriental Medicine Licensing Examination, a consensus was achieved on 9. However, the agreement rate on the timing of the introduction of the CSE was low. Concerns around 4 clinical topics were discussed in the subcommittees, and potential solutions were proposed.
Conclusion
This study offers preliminary data and raises some concerns that can be used as a reference while discussing the introduction of the CSE to the Korean Oriental Medicine Licensing Examination.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Program Evaluation on a Pre-clerkship Course Implementing Simulation in Korean Medical Education
    Yehun Jeong, Sung-Youl Choi, Myung-Ho Jin, Chang-Eop Kim, Ji-Hwan Kim, Hyun-Kyung Sung, Eunbyul Cho, Man-Suk Hwang, Su-Hyun Hong, Son-Hwan Choi, SeongMi Kim, Hye-Yoon Lee
    Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine.2025; 39(6): 158.     CrossRef
Enhancement of the technical and non-technical skills of nurse anesthesia students using the Anesthetic List Management Assessment Tool in Iran: a quasi-experimental study  
Ali Khalafi, Maedeh Kordnejad, Vahid Saidkhani
J Educ Eval Health Prof. 2023;20:19.   Published online June 16, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3352/jeehp.2023.20.19
  • 4,314 View
  • 131 Download
  • 1 Web of Science
  • 1 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary Material
Purpose
This study investigated the effect of evaluations based on the Anesthetic List Management Assessment Tool (ALMAT) form on improving the technical and non-technical skills of final-year nurse anesthesia students at Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences (AJUMS).
Methods
This was a semi-experimental study with a pre-test and post-test design. It included 45 final-year nurse anesthesia students of AJUMS and lasted for 3 months. The technical and non-technical skills of the intervention group were assessed at 4 university hospitals using formative-feedback evaluation based on the ALMAT form, from induction of anesthesia until reaching mastery and independence. Finally, the students’ degree of improvement in technical and non-technical skills was compared between the intervention and control groups. Statistical tests (the independent t-test, paired t-test, and Mann-Whitney test) were used to analyze the data.
Results
The rate of improvement in post-test scores of technical skills was significantly higher in the intervention group than in the control group (P˂0.0001). Similarly, the students in the intervention group received significantly higher post-test scores for non-technical skills than the students in the control group (P˂0.0001).
Conclusion
The findings of this study showed that the use of ALMAT as a formative-feedback evaluation method to evaluate technical and non-technical skills had a significant effect on improving these skills and was effective in helping students learn and reach mastery and independence.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Anesthesi̇a students’ behavi̇ors towards a medi̇cal errors: a phenomenologi̇cal quali̇tati̇ve scenari̇o study
    Havva Karadeni̇z, Hatun Erkuran
    BMC Anesthesiology.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
Improvement of the clinical skills of nurse anesthesia students using mini-clinical evaluation exercises in Iran: a randomized controlled study  
Ali Khalafi, Yasamin Sharbatdar, Nasrin Khajeali, Mohammad Hosein Haghighizadeh, Mahshid Vaziri
J Educ Eval Health Prof. 2023;20:12.   Published online April 6, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3352/jeehp.2023.20.12
  • 6,750 View
  • 174 Download
  • 4 Web of Science
  • 7 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary Material
Purpose
The present study aimed to investigate the effect of a mini-clinical evaluation exercise (CEX) assessment on improving the clinical skills of nurse anesthesia students at Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
Methods
This study started on November 1, 2022, and ended on December 1, 2022. It was conducted among 50 nurse anesthesia students divided into intervention and control groups. The intervention group’s clinical skills were evaluated 4 times using the mini-CEX method. In contrast, the same skills were evaluated in the control group based on the conventional method—that is, general supervision by the instructor during the internship and a summative evaluation based on a checklist at the end of the course. The intervention group students also filled out a questionnaire to measure their satisfaction with the mini-CEX method.
Results
The mean score of the students in both the control and intervention groups increased significantly on the post-test (P<0.0001), but the improvement in the scores of the intervention group was significantly greater compared with the control group (P<0.0001). The overall mean score for satisfaction in the intervention group was 76.3 out of a maximum of 95.
Conclusion
The findings of this study showed that using mini-CEX as a formative evaluation method to evaluate clinical skills had a significant effect on the improvement of nurse anesthesia students’ clinical skills, and they had a very favorable opinion about this evaluation method.

Citations

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  • Exploring the clinical practice training program for Master of Nursing Specialist in anesthesia: A qualitative study
    Huihui Hu, Yanxin Gu, Yi Yang, Rui Gao, Peishuang Wang, Fang Zhou
    Nurse Education Today.2025; 147: 106577.     CrossRef
  • Temel Hekimlik Uygulamaları Dersleri İçerisinde Edinilen İletişim ve Öykü Alma Becerilerinin Klinik Stajlarda Kullanıp Kullanılmadığının Değerlendirilmesi
    Serhat Koran, Berat Andırman, Hülya Akan
    Tıp Eğitimi Dünyası.2025; 24(74): 32.     CrossRef
  • Psychometric testing of anesthesia nursing competence scale (AnestComp)
    Samira Mahmoudi, Akram Yazdani, Fatemeh Hasanshiri
    Perioperative Care and Operating Room Management.2024; 34: 100368.     CrossRef
  • Application of flipped classroom teaching method based on ADDIE concept in clinical teaching for neurology residents
    Juan Zhang, Hong Chen, Xie Wang, Xiaofeng Huang, Daojun Xie
    BMC Medical Education.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Impactos do Mini-Cex no ensino-aprendizagem da saúde: uma revisão integrativa
    João Henrique Anizio de Farias, Draenne Micarla dos Santos Silva, Clédson Calixto de Oliveira, Elzenir Pereira de Oliveira Almeida
    Revista de Gestão e Secretariado.2024; 15(9): e4150.     CrossRef
  • Comparing Satisfaction of Undergraduate Nursing Students`: Mini-CEX vs CIM in Assessing Clinical Competence
    Somia Saghir, Anny Ashiq Ali, Kashif Khan, Uzma Bibi, Shafaat Ullah, Rafi Ullah, Zaifullah Khan, Tahir Khan
    Pakistan Journal of Health Sciences.2023; : 134.     CrossRef
  • Enhancement of the technical and non-technical skills of nurse anesthesia students using the Anesthetic List Management Assessment Tool in Iran: a quasi-experimental study
    Ali Khalafi, Maedeh Kordnejad, Vahid Saidkhani
    Journal of Educational Evaluation for Health Professions.2023; 20: 19.     CrossRef
Effect of a smartphone-based online electronic logbook to evaluate the clinical skills of nurse anesthesia students in Iran: a randomized controlled study  
Ali Khalafi, Nahid Jamshidi, Nasrin Khajeali, Saeed Ghanbari
J Educ Eval Health Prof. 2023;20:10.   Published online March 31, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3352/jeehp.2023.20.10
  • 5,058 View
  • 182 Download
  • 1 Web of Science
  • 1 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary Material
Purpose
This study was conducted to evaluate a smartphone-based online electronic logbook used to assess the clinical skills of nurse anesthesia students in Iran.
Methods
This randomized controlled study was conducted after tool development at Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences in Ahvaz, Iran from January 2022 to December 2022. The online electronic logbook involved in this study was an Android-compatible application used to evaluate the clinical skills of nurse anesthesia students. In the implementation phase, the online electronic logbook was piloted for 3 months in anesthesia training in comparison with a paper logbook. For this purpose, 49 second- and third-year anesthesia nursing students selected using the census method were assigned to intervention (online electronic logbook) and control (paper logbook) groups. The online electronic logbook and paper logbook were compared in terms of student satisfaction and learning outcomes.
Results
A total of 39 students participated in the study. The mean satisfaction score of the intervention group was significantly higher than that of the control group (P=0.027). The mean score of learning outcomes was also significantly higher for the intervention than the control group (P=0.028).
Conclusion
Smartphone technology can provide a platform for improving the evaluation of the clinical skills of nursing anesthesia students, leading to increased satisfaction and improved learning outcomes.

Citations

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  • Structure and Utility of e‐Portfolios for Reflection and Learning in Healthcare Professional Education: A Narrative Review
    Montini Claudia, Mellucci Claudia, Galletti Caterina
    The Clinical Teacher.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
Physical therapy students’ perception of their ability of clinical and clinical decision-making skills enhanced after simulation-based learning courses in the United States: a repeated measures design  
Fabian Bizama, Mansoor Alameri, Kristy Jean Demers, Derrick Ferguson Campbell
J Educ Eval Health Prof. 2022;19:34.   Published online December 19, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3352/jeehp.2022.19.34
  • 6,982 View
  • 335 Download
  • 6 Web of Science
  • 7 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary Material
Purpose
It aimed to investigate physical therapy students’ perception of their ability of clinical and clinical decision-making skills after a simulation-based learning course in the United States.
Methods
Survey questionnaires were administered to voluntary participants, including 44 second and third-year physical therapy students of the University of St. Augustine for Health Sciences during 2021–2022. Thirty-six questionnaire items consisted of 4 demographic items, 1 general evaluation, 21 test items for clinical decision-making skills, and 4 clinical skill items. Descriptive and inferential statistics evaluated differences in students’ perception of their ability in clinical decision-making and clinical skills, pre- and post-simulation, and post-first clinical experience during 2021–2022.
Results
Friedman test revealed a significant increase from pre- to post-simulation in perception of the ability of clinical and clinical decision-making skills total tool score (P<0.001), clinical decision-making 21-item score (P<0.001), and clinical skills score (P<0.001). No significant differences were found between post-simulation and post-first clinical experience. Post-hoc tests indicated a significant difference between pre-simulation and post-simulation (P<0.001) and between pre-simulation and post-first clinical experience (P<0.001). Forty-three students (97.6%) either strongly agreed (59.1%) or agreed (38.5%) that simulation was a valuable learning experience.
Conclusion
The above findings suggest that simulation-based learning helped students begin their first clinical experience with enhanced clinical and clinical decision-making skills.

Citations

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  • Clinical reasoning competence of finnish physiotherapy students - cross-sectional study
    Kristiina Makkonen, Hilkka Korpi, Tuulikki Sjögren
    European Journal of Physiotherapy.2026; 28(1): 39.     CrossRef
  • An Educational Escape Room's Influence on Physical Therapy Students' Perception of Clinical Reasoning Development: A Qualitative Study
    Jessica L. Sullivan, Karen E. H. Grossnickle, Elizabeth S. Moore, Briyana Morrell
    Simulation in Healthcare: The Journal of the Society for Simulation in Healthcare.2025; 20(5): 307.     CrossRef
  • Simulation-Based Acute Care Elective Enhances DPT Student Confidence and Interest in Acute Care Without Improving Clinical Decision-Making
    Rebecca P. Johnson, Lindsey Kojich
    Journal of Acute Care Physical Therapy.2025; 16(4): 129.     CrossRef
  • Physiotherapists' training in oncology rehabilitation from entry‐level to advanced education: A qualitative study
    Gianluca Bertoni, Valentina Conti, Marco Testa, Ilaria Coppola, Stefania Costi, Simone Battista
    Physiotherapy Research International.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Physiotherapy education: Simulation-based learning on biopsychosocial training in chronic pain – A mixed-methods study
    D. Barranco-i-Reixachs, C. Bravo, A. Orio, F. Rubí-Carnacea
    Fisioterapia.2024; 46(6): 325.     CrossRef
  • Simulación clínica mediada por tecnología: un escenario didáctico a partir de recursos para la formación de los profesionales en rehabilitación
    Cyndi Yacira Meneses Castaño, Isabel Jimenez Becerra, Paola Teresa Penagos Gomez
    Educación Médica.2023; 24(4): 100810.     CrossRef
  • Self-Efficacy with Telehealth Examination: the Doctor of Physical Therapy Student Perspective
    Derrick F. Campbell, Jean-Michel Brismee, Brad Allen, Troy Hooper, Manuel A. Domenech, Kathleen J. Manella
    Philippine Journal of Physical Therapy.2023; 2(2): 12.     CrossRef
Effect of a forensic nursing virtual education course on knowledge and clinical decision-making of master’s nursing students in Iran: a non-equivalent control group pre- and post-test study
Zeynab Firuzi, Mitra Sedghi Sabet, Fateme Jafaraghaee, Hedayat Jafari, Ehsan Kazemnezhad Leyli, Samad Karkhah, Mohammad Javad Ghazanfari
J Educ Eval Health Prof. 2022;19:20.   Published online August 25, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3352/jeehp.2022.19.20
  • 5,747 View
  • 351 Download
  • 3 Web of Science
  • 5 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary Material
Purpose
Forensic nursing is a specialty in the nursing profession based on legal procedures. This study aimed to assess the effect of a forensic nursing virtual education course on knowledge and clinical decision-making among master’s nursing students.
Methods
In a quasi-experimental study with a pre- and post-test, 106 master’s nursing students at Guilan (n=65) and Mazandaran (n=41) Universities of Medical Sciences, Iran were enrolled. Data were collected using census sampling from March to April 2021. Participants in the intervention group received a forensic nursing virtual education course in three 90-minute sessions for 2 days.
Results
A total of 88 out of 106 master’s nursing students were enrolled in this study. The mean post-education score for knowledge in the intervention group was significantly higher than in the control group (12.52 vs. 7.67, P<0.001). The mean post-education score for clinical decision-making in the intervention group was significantly higher than in the control group (16.96 vs. 13.64, P<0.001).
Conclusion
The level of knowledge and clinical decision-making of master’s nursing students regarding forensic evidence improved after the forensic nursing virtual education course in the intervention group compared to the control group. Nursing managers and policymakers can develop appropriate strategies to improve the knowledge and clinical decision-making of nursing students by using forensic nursing education courses in the curricula of nursing programs, especially in postgraduate education as an elective or mandatory course.

Citations

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  • Assessment of Primary Health Care Nurses’ Knowledge of Forensic Nursing Competencies
    Jhuliano Silva Ramos de Souza, Zélia Marilda Rodrigues Resck, Rogério Silva Lima, Fábio de Souza Terra, Thiago Augusto Soares Monteiro da Silva, Taciana Silveira Passos, Sueli de Carvalho Vilela
    Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Avaliação do Conhecimento dos Enfermeiros da Atenção Primária à Saúde sobre Competências em Enfermagem Forense
    Jhuliano Silva Ramos de Souza, Zélia Marilda Rodrigues Resck, Rogério Silva Lima, Fábio de Souza Terra, Thiago Augusto Soares Monteiro da Silva, Taciana Silveira Passos, Sueli de Carvalho Vilela
    Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Development and Psychometric Evaluation of the Forensic Nursing Competency Scale‐Short Form for Hospital Nurses
    Youn‐Jung Son, Na Young Jo, Yun Mi Lee, So Hyun Park
    Journal of Advanced Nursing.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Improving English Pronunciation among Digital Natives through AI-Based Learning Tools
    Tiara Noviarini, Galuh Yuliar Dinata
    JPI (Jurnal Pendidikan Indonesia).2025; 14(4): 902.     CrossRef
  • Knowledge and attitude of university nursing students towards forensic nursing and their influencing factors: a mixed-methods study
    Ebtsam Aly Abou Hashish
    Egyptian Journal of Forensic Sciences.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
Comparison between residents with a 6-year medical program and a 7-year medical program in terms of objective structured clinical examination performance in postgraduate year training in Taiwan: a 2-group pre- and post-test non-synchronized study  
Ya-Ting Chang, Ying-Ying Yang, Chung-Pin Li, Chen-Huan Chen
J Educ Eval Health Prof. 2022;19:13.   Published online June 24, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3352/jeehp.2022.19.13
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AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary Material
Purpose
In 2013, medical schools in Taiwan implemented a 6-year medical program that replaced the previous 7-year medical education program. The postgraduate year (PGY) program was also extended from 1 year to 2 years. The new program is characterized by diversified teaching, integration of medical skills, a system-oriented curriculum, and the implementation of primary care and clinical thinking training. The purpose of this study was to examine whether postgraduate residents who learned under the new program have better patient care skills than those who learned under the previous program.
Methods
Of 101 residents in the PGY program at Taipei Veterans General Hospital, 78 were trained in the 6-year program, while 23 were trained in the 7-year program. During the PGY training, 2 objective structured clinical examinations (OSCEs) were used to evaluate clinical reasoning, communication skills, and procedural skills at the beginning of the training and after 11 months of training, respectively. The scores of each OSCE and the rate of improvement of the pre- and post-tests were analyzed.
Results
Residents trained in the new program scored higher on clinical reasoning (P<0.001) and the total scores of the 3 tested skills (P=0.019) on the pre-test. In terms of improvement, residents educated in the previous system improved more in clinical reasoning than those educated in the new education system.
Conclusion
The new medical education program, which emphasizes clinical thinking, improved residents’ clinical skills. The PGY program was effective in improving the clinical performance of residents who were educated in the previous system.

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  • Addressing Burnout Problems among Postgraduate Trainee Doctors
    Lien-Chung Wei
    Taiwanese Journal of Psychiatry.2023; 37(2): 96.     CrossRef
Brief Report
Clinical performance of medical students in Korea in a whole-task emergency station in the objective structured clinical examination with a standardized patient complaining of palpitations  
Song Yi Park, Hyun-Hee Kong, Min-Jeong Kim, Yoo Sang Yoon, Sang-Hwa Lee, Sunju Im, Ji-Hyun Seo
J Educ Eval Health Prof. 2020;17:42.   Published online December 16, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3352/jeehp.2020.17.42
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AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary Material
This study assessed the clinical performance of 150 third-year medicalstudents in Busan, Korea in a whole-task emergency objective structured clinical examination station that simulated a patient with palpitations visiting the emergency department. The examination was conducted from November 25 to 27, 2019. Clinical performance was assessed as the number and percentage of students who performed history-taking (HT), a physical examination (PE), an electrocardiography (ECG) study, patient education (Ed), and clinical reasoning (CR), which were items on the checklist. It was found that 18.0% of students checked the patient’s pulse, 51.3% completed an ECG study, and 57.9% explained the results to the patient. A sizable proportion (38.0%) of students did not even attempt an ECG study. In a whole-task emergency station, students showed good performance on HT and CR, but unsatisfactory results for PE, ECG study, and Ed. Clinical skills educational programs for subjected student should focus more on PE, timely diagnostic tests, and sufficient Ed.

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  • Newly appointed medical faculty members’ self-evaluation of their educational roles at the Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine in 2020 and 2021: a cross-sectional survey-based study
    Sun Kim, A Ra Cho, Chul Woon Chung
    Journal of Educational Evaluation for Health Professions.2021; 18: 28.     CrossRef
  • Comparing the cut score for the borderline group method and borderline regression method with norm-referenced standard setting in an objective structured clinical examination in medical school in Korea
    Song Yi Park, Sang-Hwa Lee, Min-Jeong Kim, Ki-Hwan Ji, Ji Ho Ryu
    Journal of Educational Evaluation for Health Professions.2021; 18: 25.     CrossRef
Research articles
Increased competency of registered dietitian nutritionists in physical examination skills after simulation-based education in the United States  
Elizabeth MacQuillan, Jennifer Ford, Kristin Baird
J Educ Eval Health Prof. 2020;17:40.   Published online December 14, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3352/jeehp.2020.17.40
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AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary Material
Purpose
This study aimed to translate simulation-based dietitian nutritionist education to clinical competency attainment in a group of practicing registered dietitian nutritionists (RDNs). Using a standardized instrument to measure performance on a newly-required clinical skill, the nutrition-focused physical exam (NFPE), competence was measured both before and after a simulation-based education (SBE) session.
Methods
Eighteen practicing RDNs were recruited by their employer, Spectrum Health. Following a pre-briefing session, participants completed an initial 10-minute encounter, performing NFPE on a standardized patient (SP). Next, participants completed a 90-minute SBE training session on skills within the NFPE, including hands-on practice and role play, followed by a post-training SP encounter. Video recordings of the SP encounters were scored to assess competence in 7 skill areas within the NFPE. Scores were analyzed for participants’ initial competence and change in competence.
Results
The proportions of participants with initial competence ranged from 0% to 44% across the 7 skill areas assessed. The only competency where participants initially scored in the “meets expectations” range was “approach to the patient.” When raw competence scores were assessed for changes from pre- to post-SBE training, the paired t-test indicated significant increases in all 7 competency areas following the simulation-based training (P<0.001).
Conclusion
This study showed the effectiveness of a SBE training program for increasing competence scores of practicing RDNs on a defined clinical skill.

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  • Evaluation of Mental Health First Aid Training and Simulated Psychosis Care Role-Plays for Pharmacy Education
    Tina X. Ung, Claire L. O’Reilly, Rebekah J. Moles, Jack C. Collins, Ricki Ng, Lily Pham, Bandana Saini, Jennifer A. Ong, Timothy F. Chen, Carl R. Schneider, Sarira El-Den
    American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education.2024; 88(11): 101288.     CrossRef
  • Barriers for Liver Transplant in Patients with Alcohol-Related Hepatitis
    Gina Choi, Jihane N. Benhammou, Jung J. Yum, Elena G. Saab, Ankur P. Patel, Andrew J. Baird, Stephanie Aguirre, Douglas G. Farmer, Sammy Saab
    Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hepatology.2022; 12(1): 13.     CrossRef
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    Fatou S. Ndiaye, Amina B. Diallo
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Peer-assisted feedback: a successful approach for providing feedback on United States Medical Licensing Exam-style clinical skills exam notes in the United States  
Kira Nagoshi, Zareen Zaidi, Ashleigh Wright, Carolyn Stalvey
J Educ Eval Health Prof. 2019;16:29.   Published online October 8, 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3352/jeehp.2019.16.29
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  • 7 Web of Science
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AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary Material
Purpose
Peer-assisted learning (PAL) promotes the development of communication, facilitates improvements in clinical skills, and is a way to provide feedback to learners. We utilized PAL as a conceptual framework to explore the feasibility of peer-assisted feedback (PAF) to improve note-writing skills without requiring faculty time. The aim was to assess whether PAL was a successful method to provide feedback on the United States Medical Licensing Exams (USMLE)-style clinical skills exam notes by using student feedback on a survey in the United States.
Methods
The University of Florida College of Medicine administers clinical skills examination (CSEs) that include USMLE-like note-writing. PAL, in which students support the learning of their peers, was utilized as an alternative to faculty feedback. Second-year (MS2) and third-year (MS3) medical students taking CSEs participated in faculty-run note-grading sessions immediately after testing, which included explanations of grading rubrics and the feedback process. Students graded an anonymized peer’s notes. The graded material was then forwarded anonymously to its student author to review. Students were surveyed on their perceived ability to provide feedback and the benefits derived from PAF using a Likert scale (1–6) and open-ended comments during the 2017–2018 academic year.
Results
Students felt generally positively about the activity, with mean scores for items related to educational value of 4.49 for MS2s and 5.11 for MS3s (out of 6). MS3s perceived peer feedback as constructive, felt that evaluating each other’s notes was beneficial, and felt that the exercise would improve their future notes. While still positive, MS2 students gave lower scores than the MS3 students.
Conclusion
PAF was a successful method of providing feedback on student CSE notes, especially for MS3s. MS2s commented that although they learned during the process, they might be more invested in improving their note-writing as they approach their own USMLE exam.

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  • Medical Kitchen: Transdisciplinary Clinical Skills Training
    Jakub L. Radzikowski, Natasha Houghton, C. Sofia Chacon, Oliver Armstrong‐Scott, Jozef Youssef, Alan C. Spivey, Aynkaran Dharmarajah, Roger Kneebone
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    Cate Goldwater Breheny, Angela Cebolla Sousa, Ana Vitoria Baptista
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    Allison Hansen, Ryan M Klute, Manajyoti Yadav, Saurabh Bansal, William F Bond
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    Aytaç ÜNSAL ADACA
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    Wei-Yan Li, Kevin Kau, Yi-Jiun Shiung
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    Benjamin Gripay, Thomas André, Marie De Laval, Brice Peneau, Alexandre Secourgeon, Nicolas Lerolle, Cédric Annweiler, Grégoire Justeau, Laurent Connan, Ludovic Martin, Loïc Bière
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Comparison of the effects of simulated patient clinical skill training and student roleplay on objective structured clinical examination performance among medical students in Australia  
Silas Taylor, Matthew Haywood, Boaz Shulruf
J Educ Eval Health Prof. 2019;16:3.   Published online January 11, 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3352/jeehp.2019.16.3
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AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary Material
Purpose
Optimal methods for communication skills training (CST) are an active research area, but the effects of CST on communication performance in objective structured clinical examinations (OSCEs) has not been closely studied. Student roleplay (RP) for CST is common, although volunteer simulated patient (SP) CST is cost-effective and provides authentic interactions. We assessed whether our volunteer SP CST program improved OSCE performance compared to our previous RP strategy.
Methods
We performed a retrospective, quasi-experimental study of 2 second-year medical student cohorts’ OSCE data in Australia. The 2014 cohort received RP-only CST (N=182) while the 2016 cohort received SP-only CST (N=148). The t-test and analysis of variance were used to compare the total scores in 3 assessment domains: generic communication, clinical communication, and physical examination/procedural skills.
Results
The baseline characteristics of groups (scores on the Australian Tertiary Admission Rank, Undergraduate Medicine and Health Sciences Admission Test, and medicine program interviews) showed no significant differences between groups. For each domain, the SP-only CST group demonstrated superior OSCE outcomes, and the difference between cohorts was significant (P<0.01). The superiority of volunteer SP CST over student RP CST in terms of OSCE performance outcomes was found for generic communication, clinical communication, and physical examination/procedural skills.
Conclusion
The better performance of the SP cohort in physical examination/procedural skills might be explained by the requirement for patient compliance and cooperation, facilitated by good generic communication skills. We recommend a volunteer SP program as an effective and efficient way to improve CST among junior medical students.

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Case report
Authenticity, acceptability, and feasibility of a hybrid gynecology station for the Papanicolaou test as part of a clinical skills examination in Korea  
Ji-Hyun Seo, Younglim Oh, Sunju Im, Do-Kyong Kim, Hyun-Hee Kong, HyeRin Roh
J Educ Eval Health Prof. 2018;15:4.   Published online February 13, 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3352/jeehp.2018.15.4
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AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary Material
Purpose
The objective of this study was to evaluate the authenticity, acceptability, and feasibility of a hybrid station that combined a standardized patient encounter and a simulated Papanicolaou test.
Methods
We introduced a hybrid station in the routine clinical skills examination (CSE) for 335 third-year medical students at 4 universities in Korea from December 1 to December 3, 2014. After the tests, we conducted an anonymous survey on the authenticity, acceptability, and feasibility of the hybrid station.
Results
A total of 334 medical students and 17 professors completed the survey. A majority of the students (71.6%) and professors (82.4%) agreed that the hybrid station was more authentic than the standard CSE. Over 60 percent of the students and professors responded that the station was acceptable for assessing the students’ competence. Most of the students (75.2%) and professors (82.4%) assessed the required tasks as being feasible after reading the instructions.
Conclusion
Our results showed that the hybrid CSE station was a highly authentic, acceptable, and feasible way to assess medical students’ performance.

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  • A nationwide survey on the curriculum and educational resources related to the Clinical Skills Test of the Korean Medical Licensing Examination: a cross-sectional descriptive study
    Eun-Kyung Chung, Seok Hoon Kang, Do-Hoon Kim, MinJeong Kim, Ji-Hyun Seo, Keunmi Lee, Eui-Ryoung Han
    Journal of Educational Evaluation for Health Professions.2025; 22: 11.     CrossRef
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    Rebecca F. Hamm, Michelle H. Moniz
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  • To the Point: The expanding role of simulation in obstetrics and gynecology medical student education
    Elise N. Everett, David A. Forstein, Susan Bliss, Samantha D. Buery-Joyner, LaTasha B. Craig, Scott C. Graziano, Brittany S. Hampton, Laura Hopkins, Margaret L. McKenzie, Helen Morgan, Archana Pradhan, Sarah M. Page-Ramsey
    American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology.2019; 220(2): 129.     CrossRef
Research article
Evaluation of a course to prepare international students for the United States Medical Licensing Examination step 2 clinical skills exam  
Rachel B. Levine, Andrew P. Levy, Robert Lubin, Sarah Halevi, Rebeca Rios, Danelle Cayea
J Educ Eval Health Prof. 2017;14:25.   Published online October 24, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3352/jeehp.2017.14.25
  • 33,041 View
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  • 5 Web of Science
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose
United States (US) and Canadian citizens attending medical school abroad often desire to return to the US for residency, and therefore must pass US licensing exams. We describe a 2-day United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE) step 2 clinical skills (CS) preparation course for students in the Technion American Medical School program (Haifa, Israel) between 2012 and 2016.
Methods
Students completed pre- and post-course questionnaires. The paired t-test was used to measure students’ perceptions of knowledge, preparation, confidence, and competence in CS pre- and post-course. To test for differences by gender or country of birth, analysis of variance was used. We compared USMLE step 2 CS pass rates between the 5 years prior to the course and the 5 years during which the course was offered.
Results
Ninety students took the course between 2012 and 2016. Course evaluations began in 2013. Seventy-three students agreed to participate in the evaluation, and 64 completed the pre- and post-course surveys. Of the 64 students, 58% were US-born and 53% were male. Students reported statistically significant improvements in confidence and competence in all areas. No differences were found by gender or country of origin. The average pass rate for the 5 years prior to the course was 82%, and the average pass rate for the 5 years of the course was 89%.
Conclusion
A CS course delivered at an international medical school may help to close the gap between the pass rates of US and international medical graduates on a high-stakes licensing exam. More experience is needed to determine if this model is replicable.

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  • Cultural Considerations in the Formal Process of Simulation Curriculum Adaptation: A Scoping Review
    Matthew D. Charnetski, Maryam Asoodar, Hao Yu, Walther van Mook
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    Abhimanyu Mahajan, Zachary London, Andrew M. Southerland, Jaffar Khan, Erica A. Schuyler
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Research Article
Is a decentralized continuing medical education program feasible for Chinese rural health professionals?  
Guijie Hu, Yanhua Yi
J Educ Eval Health Prof. 2016;13:18.   Published online April 28, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3352/jeehp.2016.13.18
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose
Rural health professionals in township health centers (THCs) tend to have less advanced educational degrees. This study aimed to ascertain the perceived feasibility of a decentralized continuing medical education (CME) program to upgrade their educational levels. Methods: A cross-sectional survey of THC health professionals was conducted using a self-administered, structured questionnaire in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China. Results: The health professionals in the THCs were overwhelmingly young with low education levels. They had a strong desire to upgrade their educational degrees. The decentralized CME program was perceived as feasible by health workers with positive attitudes about the benefit for license examination, and by those who intended to improve their clinical diagnosis and treatment skills. The target groups of such a program were those who expected to undertake a bachelor’s degree and who rated themselves as “partially capable” in clinical competency. They reported that 160-400 USD annually would be an affordable fee for the program. Conclusion: A decentralized CME program was perceived feasible to upgrade rural health workers’ education level to a bachelor’s degree and improve their clinical competency.

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  • Evaluation of the star family doctors training program: an observational cohort study of a novel continuing medical education program for general practitioners within a compact medical consortium: a quantitative analysis
    Ling-Bo Liang, Xu Li, Xiang-Ping Liu, Cai-Zheng Li, Dan Luo, Feng Liu, Ting-Rui Mao, Qiao-Li Su
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Brief Report
Perceptions of pharmacy clerkship students and clinical preceptors regarding preceptors’ teaching behaviors at Gondar University in Ethiopia  
Tadesse Melaku, Akshaya Srikanth Bhagavathula, Yonas Getaye, Sewunet Admasu, Ramadan Alkalmi
J Educ Eval Health Prof. 2016;13:9.   Published online February 15, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3352/jeehp.2016.13.9
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  • 228 Download
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AbstractAbstract PDF
This study aimed to compare the perceptions of pharmacy clerkship students and clinical preceptors of preceptors’ teaching behaviors at Gondar University. A cross-sectional study was conducted among pharmacy clerkship students and preceptors during June 2014 and December 2015. A 52-item structured questionnaire was self-administered to 126 students and 23 preceptors. The responses are presented using descriptive statistics. The Mann-Whitney U test was applied to test the significance of differences between students and preceptors. The response rate was 89.4% for students and 95.6% for preceptors. Statistically significant differences were observed in the responses regarding two of the five communication skills that were examined, six of the 26 clinical skills, and five of the 21 parameters involving feedback. The mean scores of preceptors (2.6/3) and students (1.9/3) regarding instructors’ ability to answer questions were found to be significantly different (P= 0.01). Students and preceptors gave mean scores of 1.9 and 2.8, respectively, to a question regarding preceptors’ application of appropriate up-to-date knowledge to individual patients (P= 0.00). Significant differences were also noted between students and instructors regarding the degree to which preceptors encouraged students to evaluate their own performance (P= 0.01). Discrepancies were noted between students and preceptors regarding preceptors’ teaching behaviors. Preceptors rated their teaching behaviors more highly than students did. Short-term training is warranted for preceptors to improve some aspects of their teaching skills.

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Research Article
Dental students’ perceptions of undergraduate clinical training in oral and maxillofacial surgery in an integrated curriculum in Saudi Arabia  
Mahmoud Al-Dajani
J Educ Eval Health Prof. 2015;12:45.   Published online September 24, 2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3352/jeehp.2015.12.45
  • 58,027 View
  • 233 Download
  • 28 Web of Science
  • 30 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose
The aim was to understand dental students’ experiences with oral and maxillofacial surgery (OMS) teaching, their confidence levels in performing routine dento-alveolar operations, and the relationship between the students’ confidence level and the number of teeth extracted during the clinical practice. Methods: The survey questionnaire was distributed to 32 students at Aljouf University College of Dentistry, Saudi Arabia during their fourth and fifth year in 2015. Respondents were asked to rate 19 items, which represent a student’s confidence in performing routine surgical interventions, using a four-point Likert scale (1=very little confidence, 4=very confident). A multivariate regression was computed between average confidence and the variables: weekly hours devoted to studying oral and maxillofacial surgery, college grade point average, and the total number of teeth extracted. Results: The response rate was 100%. Students revealed the highest level of confidence in giving local anesthesia (96.9%), understanding extraction indications (93.8%), and performing simple extractions (90.6%). Less confidence was shown with handling difficult extractions (50.0%), extracting molars with separation (50.0%) or extracting third molars (56.3%). The average confidence in performing surgical procedures was 2.88 (SD=0.55), ranging from 1.79 to 3.89. A given student’s confidence increased with an increase in the total number of teeth extracted (P=0.003). Conclusion: It reveals a significant impact of undergraduate clinical training on students’ confidence in performing oral and maxillofacial surgery clinical procedures: The more clinical experience the students had, the more confidence they reported.

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Brief Report
Knowledge of evidence-based dentistry among academic dental practitioners of Bhopal, India: a preliminary survey  
Aishwarya Singh, Sudhanshu Saxena, Vidhatri Tiwari, Utkarsh Tiwari
J Educ Eval Health Prof. 2015;12:26.   Published online June 15, 2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3352/jeehp.2015.12.26
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  • 218 Download
AbstractAbstract PDF
This study aimed to characterize the knowledge of evidence-based dentistry (EBD) among dental faculty members in the city of Bhopal in central India. A cross-sectional questionnaire was administered at two dental colleges in Bhopal City. All dental faculty members who were present on the day of the study and who agreed to participate were included in the study. A total of 50 dental faculty members returned the questionnaire. Six Likert-type questions were asked, and the percentages of various responses were used for analysis. Sixteen faculty members (32.0%) strongly agreed that EBD is a process of making decisions based on scientifically proven evidence. Fifteen faculty members (30.0%) strongly disagreed or disagreed with the item stating that the best and quickest way to find evidence is by reading textbooks or asking experienced colleagues. Thirteen faculty members (26.0%) strongly agreed that EBD allows dentists to improve their scientific knowledge and clinical skills. It is recommended that EBD be included in undergraduate and postgraduate curricula and in intensive continuing dental education programs that are conducted for dental faculty members.
Research Article
Unmet needs in continuing medical education programs for rural Chinese township health professionals  
Yanhua Yi, Virasakdi Chongsuvivatwong, Hutcha Sriplung, Guijie Hu, Edward McNeil, Qiming Feng, Hongxia Zhou, Bo Wei
J Educ Eval Health Prof. 2015;12:25.   Published online June 14, 2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3352/jeehp.2015.12.25
  • 32,904 View
  • 169 Download
  • 2 Web of Science
  • 4 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose
This study aimed to describe the system of continuing medical education (CME) in the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and to ascertain the perceived needs related to that system, in order to improve the performance of health professionals in Chinese township health centers (THCs). Methods: In-depth key informant interviews were conducted to gain insights into the current CME system. A cross-sectional survey using a self-administered structured questionnaire was also carried out from March to August 2014 in order to identify perceived needs among THC personnel in the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. Logistic regression was used to identify factors related to respondents’ interest in pursuing different levels of degree study. Results: The areas of need perceived by the respondents included general clinical competence and emergency or first aid knowledge. Most respondents wanted to study at medical colleges in order to obtain a higher degree. Respondents aged below 45 years with neutral or positive attitudes about the benefit of degree study for the licensure examination were more likely to attend a bachelor-level CME program than their older peers and respondents with negative attitudes towards degree study. Female respondents and respondents aged below 45 years were more likely to attend a junior college CME program than males and older respondents, respectively. Conclusion: It is necessary to develop degree-linked CME programs to meet the need for young health professionals in Chinese THCs; therefore, this programs can improve the expertise of poorly educated young health workers, who overwhelm rural Chinese heath systems.

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    Yanhua Yi, Zhifeng Wang, Guijie Hu, Shiwei Zhao, Yongbin Li, Bo Chen, Zhen Xiang, Qiaojun Zhang, Wei Lu, Jian Liu, Yongping Xue, Hongmian Li, Cimin Wu, Wuxiang Shi, Zhenyu Gong
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Technical Report
Reforms of the Korean Medical Licensing Examination regarding item development and performance evaluation  
Mi Kyoung Yim
J Educ Eval Health Prof. 2015;12:6.   Published online March 17, 2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3352/jeehp.2015.12.6
  • 39,054 View
  • 203 Download
  • 6 Web of Science
  • 7 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose
The Korean Medical Licensing Examination (KMLE) has undergone a variety of innovative reforms implemented by the National Health Personnel Licensing Examination Board (NHPLEB) in order to make it a competency-based test. The purpose of this article is to describe the ways in which the KMLE has been reformed and the effect of those innovations on medical education in Korea. Methods: Changes in the KMLE were traced from 1994 to 2014 by reviewing the adoption of new policies by the NHPLEB and the relevant literature. Results: The most important reforms that turned the examination into a competency-based test were the following: First, the subjects tested on the exam were revised; second, R-type items were introduced; third, the proportion of items involving problem-solving skills was increased; and fourth, a clinical skills test was introduced in addition to the written test. The literature shows that the above reforms have resulted in more rigorous licensure standards and have improved the educational environment of medical schools in Korea. Conclusion: The reforms of the KMLE have led to improvements in how the competency of examinees is evaluated, as well as improvements in the educational system in medical schools in Korea.

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Research Articles
Reflective writing and its impact on empathy in medical education: systematic review  
Isabel Chen, Connor Forbes
J Educ Eval Health Prof. 2014;11:20.   Published online August 16, 2014
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3352/jeehp.2014.11.20
  • 52,021 View
  • 512 Download
  • 110 Web of Science
  • 103 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose
Medical schools are increasingly aware of the ways in which physician empathy can have a profound impact on patients’ lives and have developed humanities initiatives to address this concern. Reflective writing in particular is more commonly promoted in medical curricula, but there is limited research on the impact of reflective writing on medical student empathy levels. It aims to find the emotional effects of reflective writing interventions on medical and healthcare students by systemic review. Methods: Two investigators independently reviewed educational publications for critical analysis. This review focused systematically on quantitative papers that measure the impact of reflective writing on empathy. Results: Of the 1,032 studies found on Medline and CINAHL, only 8 used quantitative measures pre- and postwritten reflection to measure any impact on empathy outcomes. The outcomes measured included impact of reflective writing exercises on student wellness, aptitude, and/or clinical skills. Of these studies, a significant change in student empathy was observed in 100% of the studies, demonstrating a significant change in outcomes. Conclusion: Although the lack of homogeneity in outcome measurement in the literature limits possible conclusion from this review, the overwhelmingly positive reporting of outcomes suggests that reflective writing should be considered in any medical curriculum.

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Effects of Rating Training on Inter-Rater Consistency for Developing a Dental Hygiene Clinical Rater Qualification System
Jeong Ran Park, Jung Sook Oh, Moungae Chae, Jae Yeon Jung, Sung Suk Bae
J Educ Eval Health Prof. 2007;4:5.   Published online December 20, 2007
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3352/jeehp.2007.4.5
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AbstractAbstract PDF
We tried to develop itemized evaluation criteria and a clinical rater qualification system through rating training of inter-rater consistency for experienced clinical dental hygienists and dental hygiene clinical educators. A total of 15 clinical dental hygienists with 1-year careers participated as clinical examination candidates, while 5 dental hygienists with 3-year educations and clinical careers or longer participated as clinical raters. They all took the clinical examination as examinees. The results were compared, and the consistency of competence was measured. The comparison of clinical competence between candidates and clinical raters showed that the candidate group?占퐏 mean clinical competence ranged from 2.96 to 3.55 on a 5-point system in a total of 3 instruments (Probe, Explorer, Curet), while the clinical rater group?占퐏 mean clinical competence ranged from 4.05 to 4.29. There was a higher inter-rater consistency after education of raters in the following 4 items: Probe, Explorer, Curet, and insertion on distal surface. The mean score distribution of clinical raters ranged from 75% to 100%, which was more uniform in the competence to detect an artificial calculus than that of candidates (25% to 100%). According to the above results, there was a necessity in the operating clinical rater qualification system for comprehensive dental hygiene clinicians. Furthermore, in order to execute the clinical rater qualification system, it will be necessary to keep conducting a series of studies on educational content, time, frequency, and educator level.

JEEHP : Journal of Educational Evaluation for Health Professions
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