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Evaluation of a virtual objective structured clinical examination in the metaverse (Second Life) to assess the clinical skills in emergency radiology of medical students in Spain: a cross-sectional study
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Alba Virtudes Perez-Baena
, Teodoro Rudolphi-Solero, Rocio Lorenzo-Alvarez, Dolores Dominguez-Pinos, Miguel Jose Ruiz-Gomez, Francisco Sendra-Portero - J Educ Eval Health Prof. 2025;22:12. Published online April 21, 2025
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.3352/jeehp.2025.22.12
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- 3 Web of Science
- 4 Crossref
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Abstract
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Supplementary Material - Purpose
The objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) is an effective but resource-intensive tool for assessing clinical competence. This study hypothesized that implementing a virtual OSCE in the Second Life (SL) platform in the metaverse as a cost-effective alternative will effectively assess and enhance clinical skills in emergency radiology while being feasible and well-received. The aim was to evaluate a virtual radiology OSCE in SL as a formative assessment, focusing on feasibility, educational impact, and students’ perceptions.
Methods
Two virtual 6-station OSCE rooms dedicated to emergency radiology were developed in SL. Sixth-year medical students completed the OSCE during a 1-hour session in 2022–2023, followed by feedback including a correction checklist, individual scores, and group comparisons. Students completed a questionnaire with Likert-scale questions, a 10-point rating, and open-ended comments. Quantitative data were analyzed using the Student t-test and the Mann-Whitney U test, and qualitative data through thematic analysis.
Results
In total, 163 students participated, achieving mean scores of 5.1±1.4 and 4.9±1.3 (out of 10) in the 2 virtual OSCE rooms, respectively (P=0.287). One hundred seventeen students evaluated the OSCE, praising the teaching staff (9.3±1.0), project organization (8.8±1.2), OSCE environment (8.7±1.5), training usefulness (8.6±1.5), and formative self-assessment (8.5±1.4). Likert-scale questions and students’ open-ended comments highlighted the virtual environment’s attractiveness, case selection, self-evaluation usefulness, project excellence, and training impact. Technical difficulties were reported by 13 students (8%).
Conclusion
This study demonstrated the feasibility of incorporating formative OSCEs in SL as a useful teaching tool for undergraduate radiology education, which was cost-effective and highly valued by students. -
Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by
- Effectiveness of VR and traditional training in medical education for mass casualty management: an OSCE-based randomized controlled trial
Zhe Li, Wan Chen, Guozheng Qiu, Lei Shi, Yutao Tang, Xibin Xu, Sanshan Zhu, Liwen Lyu
BMC Medical Education.2026;[Epub] CrossRef - ECOE virtual de radiología en el metaverso Second Life®: comparación de estudiantes de tercer y sexto curso
Francisco Sendra-Portero, Alba Virtudes Pérez-Baena, Teodoro Rudolphi-Solero, Rocío Lorenzo-Álvarez, Dolores Domínguez-Pinos, Miguel José Ruiz-Gómez
Educación Médica.2026; 27(3): 101167. CrossRef - A roadmap to implement Metaverse in education field based on ADDIE model: A systematic review
Yu Shi, Wei Wei Goh, N.Z. Jhanjhi
Computers and Education Open.2026; 10: 100365. CrossRef - Metaverse-based objective structured clinical examinations: an exploratory approach to advancing clinical competency assessment
Yeon-Ju Huh, Joon Sung Shin, Narae Yoon, Ju Whi Kim, Do Hoon Kim, Chanwoong Kim, Seoi Jeong, Yejin Yoon, Soyeon Shin, Hyoun-Joong Kong, Sun Jung Myung
Korean Journal of Medical Education.2026; 38(2): 139. CrossRef
- Effectiveness of VR and traditional training in medical education for mass casualty management: an OSCE-based randomized controlled trial
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